AAYMAN ISLANDS: also spelled as Dayman, Layman, Nayman, Sayman, Yayman, etc.; British Colonial Royal Wedding frames from book Surreal Stamps and Unreal Stickers.

ABD AL KURI: Small island in the Indian Ocean belonging to Yemen; located between Socotra and Horn Of Africa; labels issued bearing its name.

ABKHAZIA, REPUBLIC OF: Considering itself an independent state, a disputed territory within the country of Georgia located on the eastern coast of the Black Sea and the southwestern portion of the Caucasus. Issued propaganda labels in the 1990s resembling stamps, and which stressed its independence, which is recognized by but a handful of countries.

ABOMINABLE SNOWMANIA: Punch Magazine cover parody.

ABYSSINIA: 1875 Italian 2 Centisime through 10 Lire official stamps issued ca. 1888 with green bogus overprint reading ‘SERVICIO POSTALE PER I REGGEMENTI DI COMPAGNA IN ABESSINIA’.

ACAMBARO: Bogus México provisional issue said to have been used during a revolutionary period in 1867, but first chronicled in 1893.

ACAPONETA: 1914 México revolutionary provisional overprint on the 1910 issue.

ACCR: (abbr.) Bogus Antarctic Confederation of City Republics.

ACFT: (abbr.) Bogus Antarctic Confederation of Federal Territories.

ACHTERDIJK: (Dutch) Behind the Dike; a Donald Evans (q.v.) issue fabricated in the Netherlands.

ACRÉ, TERRITORY OF: Brazilian state purchased from Bolivia in 1902, being admitted into the Brazilian Union as a State in 1909. Prior to the purchase, the area was in a state of rebellion, with a 1 May 1900 declaration describing the ‘Organisation of Post Offices’ and the issuance of stamps in several values., but it is not recorded that the stamps were actually issued..

ADIGEY: Bogus Russian local overprint.

ADJARIA: Bogus Russian issue.

ADJUDANI: Donald Evans (q.v.) issue, Persia theme.

AHU’A: Bogus fantasy stamp originating from Burma.

AKATA: Fantasy bogus issue from the Philippines.

ALBANIAN GOVERNMENT IN EXILE: Freedom movement in exile.

ALBANIA – ALBANIAN NAVY: A WWI-era bogus set-of-5 postage stamps depicting a ship are a creation emanating from unknown Parisian sources.

ALBANIA – ALBANIAN SOLDIER & VILLAGE: A WWI-era bogus set-of-8 postage and 3 postage due stamps depicting a soldier and a village in two separate panels are the creation of a Greek philatelist.

ALBANIA – ESSAD PASHA: A set-of-8 stamps depicting Lake Scutari or Mount Tarabosh, and inscribed ‘QEVERRIA E SHQPNIS MESME / ALBANIE CENTRALE / TARABOSH 1913’, was prepared (but not issued) by order of Essad Pasha during his rebellion against the Valona government. The stamps were temporarily issued with an overprint during the tenure of the Essad Pasha military government in Durazzo, which ended 5 October 1914. After Essad Pasha’s return to Albania, some of the stamps were overprinted in violet with his official circular cachet.

ALBANIA – PRINCE OF WIED: A set-of-10 stamps depicting the portrait of the Prince of Wied (Mpret of Albania) prepared, but not issued were announced 1 September 1914. Their arrival in the philatelic market is from dubious sources.

ALBANY LETTER EXPRESS: Recorded ca. 1865; bogus issues created by S. Allan Taylor (q.v.); printed in various colors on papers of various colors, and inscribed ‘ALBANY / (stylelized Eagle) / LETTER EXPRESS’; represents a non-existent Albany, New York, local post.

ALDABRA: fictional territory created during the 1970s-1980s by New Zealander Bruce Grenville (q.v.), a producer of ArtiStamp (q.v.).

ALDABRA, KINGDOM OF: Atoll north of Assumption Island, the island being part of the Seychelles group in the Indian Ocean.

ALEJANDRO SELKIRK ISLAND: see Isal de Más Afuera.

ALEXANDRIA: Bogus issue from 1860’s featuring an elephant.

ALGERIA POSTAGE DUE: The Ben-Ounif post office, located in southern Algeria was short of 30¢ postage due stamps early in 1904. The postmaster used stocks of the regular 30¢ stamps to apply a ‘REGION SAHARIENNE — SUD-ALGERIEN / A PERCEVOIR’ overprint, creating a provisional postage due issue.

ALGERIA MOSQUE-MAP-PALM: Previous to the introduction of stamps specific for Algeria, in 1904 a set-of-4 essays depicting a mosque, map, and palm trees all in three separate panels were printed on rice paper, and on thin glazed cards.

ALLENDE: Mexican overprint printed in 1914 on 5-centavo stamp of the 1910 issue.

ALMAGUER: Set-of-3 bogus stamps created allegedly in connivance with a German dealer by Zenon J. Lemos, the Postmaster of Almaguer, Colombia, a town located in the Cauca Department. The designs include a central stylized eagle, and a ‘REPÚBLICA DE COLOMBIA / CORREOS INTERIOR NACIONAL / FRANCO DE PORTE PROVISIONAL / ALMAGUER EL ADMDR.’ Inscription. The postmaster was apprehended, and was sentenced to prison.

ALTAI or ALTAY: Bogus Russian issue.

ALTAJ: A Russian Territory in SW Siberia; bogus issues represented by overprints on Russian stamps issued in 1993.

ALUALA: Donald Evans (q.v.) Artistamp (q.v.) issue.

AMAZONIA: Near Brazil and French Guiana, being connected with the bogus state of Counani. A set-of-4 elaborately designed private local stamps inscribed ‘AMAZONIE POSTE’ are chronicled to have been issued in 1902, having been printed for the Railway Company of Carseveire.

AMIS AND AMANTS: Donald Evans (q.v.) issue for the South Pacific Islands espousing ‘friendship and love’.

AMORA: Advertising label created to sell chocolates on Valentines Day.

AMUNDSEN HARBOR: Antarctic fantasy.

AMUR: USSR Siberian province; The People’s Revolutionary Committee issued local stamps in 1920.

AMURSKAVA: Bogus Russian issue.

ANACHRON, STATE OF: ArtiStamp representing dinosaur hunting stamps.

ANDERSON-NEARY, JONES & COMPANY: A series of bogus local stamps targeting the philatelic market in ca. 1904 by the manager of the Anderson-Neary, Jones & Company’s head offices in Alexandria, Egypt.

ANDORRA – ‘CORREU AER / SOBRETAXA’: A series-of-12 items inscribed ‘CORREU AER / SOBRETAXE’ was approved by the Spanish Administration Post Office for a scheduled airmail service between Andorra and Barcelona, Spain, but the stamps were not issued. The stamps also exist with a ‘FRANQUICIA DEL CONSELL’ for official usage; this set also was not issued.

ANDORRA – ‘REPUBLICA DE ANDORRA’ PHANTASY ISSUE: A series-of-12 5Centimos-10Peseta items printed in various colors on thin, white wove, watermarked multiple script ‘R.A.’. The were first noted ca. 1896 as imperforate pairs in two designs, one for the Centimos values and one for the Peseta values, at the time apparently being considered as privately printed as essays for a never-considered official issue (the first Spanish Administration stamps issued in 1928, and with the first French Administration issued in 1931). They have the appearance of imperforate proof pairs, and are inscribed ‘REPUBLICA DE ANDORRA’ in the design’s upper section, with the word ‘CORREUS’ repeated twice on the Centimos values, and once on the Peseta values.

ANGLET: A ‘French Republic for Dogs’.

ANGOLA GOVERNMENT IN EXILE: (Port., Govêrno Revolucionário de Angola no Exílio; abbr. GRAE). A government-in-exile representing the rebel National Liberation Front of Angola (FNLA) established in 1962 in Kinshasa, Congo. Supposed freedom issues for Angola. A Henry Stull supposed ‘freedom’ fantasy issues (once listed in Ohio telephone book under ‘Stamps for Collectors’).

ANGWEELA, FREE: Parody of the 1967 Anguilla ‘Independence’ overprints issue.

ANKARA: Turkish capital with ‘stamps’ issued post-WWII by Nationalist Revolutionists.

ANTARCTICA: Labels issued to promote a 1954 expedition.

ANTARCTIC CONFEDERATION: non-existent organization created ca. the 1970s-1980s by New Zealander Bruce Grenville, a producer of ArtiStamp.

ANTIGUA – ‘STAMP DUTY’ POSTAL-FISCAL PHANTASY: The 1d Queen Victoria ‘Stamp Duty’ fiscal issue exists with a bogus ‘POSTAGE & REVENUE’ overprint, with the stamp’s inscribed ‘Stamp Duty’ being deleted by a black bar. The bogus issue was noted as being in the philatelic the marketplace in the early 1890s; its source has been traced to a European dealer.

ANTIQUA: Donald Evans (q.v.) Artistamp (q.v.) issue for Maine.

ARABIA: 1920s Triangular bogus stamp issue for a generic ‘Arabia’.

ARAMOANA: creation during ca. the 1970s-1980s by New Zealander Bruce Grenville (q.v.), a producer of ArtiStamp (q.v.). An actual small coastal settlement on New Zealand’s South Island being located ca. 16 miles north of Dunedin City. In 1974, and in opposition to the construction of an aluminum smelter, stamp-like labels were made to publicize the objections.

ARAN, REPUBLIC OF (ARAN ISLANDS): 1967 bogus Ireland overprint.

ARBAH: One of the Sicmon Islands in the South Pacific. Created by Nick Bantock for his book, Griffin & Sabine.

ARCHIPEL DE KERGUELEN: see Kerguelen Islands.

ARCHIPEL DES KERGUELEN: see Kerguelen Islands.

ARCHIPEL KERGUELEN: see Kerguelen Islands.

ARCHIPIÉLAGO DE COLÓN: Fantasy labels, being the official name for the Galápagos Islands belonging to Ecuador (also Sp., Islas de Colón, or Islas Galápagos).

ARCOUDI: Greek Island stamps repudiated by the government in 1963.

ARGENTINA – BOGUS CLASSICS-ERA OVERPRINTS: The 1858 15¢ issue is recorded with a bogus ‘16¢’ overprint, and the 1864 5¢ Rividavia issue is recorded with a bogus ‘8’ overprint.

ARTHUR’S CITY POST: ca. 1877 bogus issue created by S. Allan Taylor (q.v.) representing a non-existent United States local post.

ARTISTAMP (or ARTIST’S STAMP): a portmanteau of the words ‘artist’ and ‘stamp’, a stamp-type art form depicting a wide variety of subjects, the subjects being either actual or imaginary. Not valid for postage, they are similar to ‘Cinderella’ stamps and are designed for artistic purposes, rather than to defraud the post office or the collector.

ARTIST’S STAMP: see ArtiStamp.

ASSAB: Ethiopia, City on Red Sea.

ASSELIJN: Donald Evans (q.v.) ArtiStamp (q.v.) issue taken from name of an Amsterdam gallery.

ASSUMPTION ISLAND: see Aldabra, Kingdom of.

AT TAWAL: Disputed neutral zone in Arabia. Bogus overprint found on Kuwait and Saudi Arabia stamps.

ATJEH: A ca. 1882 bogus issue supposedly representing a vassal native Dutch East Indies State on the island of Sumatra. The issue is imperforate and of a claret color on white paper, with a design being a ‘Scimitar’ on an intricate bold lozenge-design background, and the inscription ‘ATJEH / I REAL I’.

ATLANTIS Y LEMURIA: Overprints on fantasy Atlantis stamps.

ATLANTIS Y MU: Pacific equivalent of fantasy Atlantis stamps.

ATLANTIS, NEW: In 1964, Leicester Hemingway, the younger brother of Ernest Hemingway, founded his own island nation by anchoring a locally-constructed 8’x30’ bamboo raft to an old Ford engine block in 50 feet of water eight miles southwest of Jamaica. The site lay on a shallow ocean bank in international waters, beyond the customary 3-mile limit of Jamaica’s territorial sea, in an area where the sea floor normally runs to a depth of 1,000 feet. Labels resembling commemorative postage stamps were issued during 1964-1965 for various esoteric subjects, to include: a 100 Centes value honoring Lyndon Johnson – Protector of the Entire Free World (1964); A 6 Centes value honoring the Provisional Government of the Dominican Republic (1965); a 40 Centes value honoring the U.S. 4th Infantry Division (1965); a 50 Centes value honoring Hubert Humphrey – Who Stands Tall in the Eyes of the Entire Free World (1965); and a 60 Centes value honoring Sir Winston Churchill – World Statesman of the XXth Century (1965).

ATLANTIS, KINGDOM OF: A Henry Stull fantasy, once listed in Ohio telephone book under ‘Stamps for Collectors’.

ATLANTIS: Mythical island country first noted ca. 360 B.C. in Plato’s dialogues. Over the millennia, its location has been designated as being in or near the Mediterranean Sea, near the Doñana National Park mud flats on southwestern Andalusia (Spain), the Canary Islands, the Madeira Islands, the Azores, and even locations such as Batabano Bay south of Cuba, the Bahamas, within the infamous ‘Bermuda Triangle’, and Antarctica.

ATLANTIUM, EMPIRE OF: Fantasy state located in Australia.

AUCKLAND ISLANDS: (Maori Motu Maha or Maungahuka) a group of uninhabited New Zealand sub-Antarctic islands located ca. 300 miles from the South Island seaport of Bluff. The treasure-hunting ship S.S. Enterprise, commanded by a Capt. Gatling, was employed for the search of the S.S. General Grant in the ‘1915 General Grant Expedition’, creating ½d and 1d labels resembling postage stamps. The ½d issue is printed in green with an image of a British Flag enclosed with a wreath, and the inscriptions ‘AUCKLAND ISLANDS’ and ‘GENERAL GRANT / EXPEDITION 1915 // POSTAGE — 1d’; the 1d issue is printed in red with a similar design, except the British Flag is replaced by a ‘1915’. The stamps are found cancelled with a cds inscribed within with an outer double-ring ‘AUCKLAND ISLANDS — CATLING’S EXPEDITION’ and, within an inner ring, the ‘23/MAR/1916’ date.

AUSTRALIA – CITY EXPRESS MESSENGER CO. LTD. DESPATCH LABEL: see City Express Messenger Co. Ltd. Despatch Label.

AUSTRALIA – TORRES STRAITS: see Torres Straits.

AUSTRIA – 1856 NEWSPAPER STAMP FORGERY: see Friedl, Sigmund – Philatelic Forger.

AZAD HIND: Unissued German ‘Free India’ propaganda stamps.

BABATOLAND: British Colonial Royal Wedding frames from book Surreal Stamps and Unreal Stickers.

BAENA: Spanish province with stamps overprinted in 1937 to mark anniversary of occupation of Baena.

BAIKAL: Bogus Russian local overprint.

BALDWIN’S RAILROAD POST: Recorded ca. 1865; bogus issue created by S. Allan Taylor (q.v.) and others; two different designs printed in various colors on papers of various colors; first design inscribed ‘BALDWIN’S RAILROAD POSTAGE / (image of railroad engine) / TWO PENCE; second design is text only inscribed ‘BALDWIN’S / TWO PENCE (superimposed over ‘PAID’) / R.R. POSTAGE’; represents a possible non-existent New Brunswick, Canada, local post.

BANANA REPUBLIC: Advertising fantasy stamp-like label created by clothing company of same name.

BANANA, REPUBLICA DE: Donald Evans (q.v.) ArtiStamp (q.v.) issue within Central America theme.

BANCROFT’S CITY EXPRESS: Recorded ca. 1865; bogus issues created by S. Allan Taylor (q.v.) and others; printed in various colors on papers of various colors; represents a non-existent Montréal, Canada, local post.

BAND OF GOOD HOPE: Fantasy issue modeled on stationery of the Cape of Good Hope.

BANGSA MORO: A Philippines Muslim-controlled area; handstamps on stamps of the Philippines.

BANTAYAN ISLANDS: Philippine island northeast of Cebu.

BARANJA: Jugoslavia stamps overprinted for Bosnian Republic.

BARRANQUILLA: ca. early 1880s century bogus issue representing a non-existent Colombian city local post. An intricately-designed issue inscribed ‘CINCO CENTAVOS / FRANQUEO PARTICULAR / BARRANQUILLA / CINCO CENTAVOS’ with a central stylized ‘AMS’ monogram. Known as perf 11-½ in two colors: brown and green, with an imperforate plate proof in black. Apparently manufactured by a Sr. Mora in Paris for letters for conveyance from the post office to the addressee, and vice-versa.

BARBABAR: British Colonial Royal Wedding frames from book Surreal Stamps and Unreal Stickers.

BARCENTRUM: Donald Evans (q.v.) ArtiStamp (q.v.) issue with Netherlands theme.

BARDSEY: Island off the coast of Wales; labels issued bearing its name.

BARKER’S CITY POST: 19th century bogus issue representing a non-existent Boston local post.

BASHKIRIA: Bogus Russian issue.

BASHKORTOSTAN: Bogus Russian local overprint.

BATEKE: A series of ca. 1897 set-of-12 2-½Angella-200Angella bogus issues ostensibly created by a Lisbon, Portugal, nobleman, Señor J. dors Aujis Tiumé. The issue represents a non-existent then-current French Equatorial Africa regional local post, the area being at the Batéké Plateau, located at the boundary of current-day Gabon and the Republic of Congo. The elaborate issues are inscribed ‘CORREIOS BATEKEN / ANGELLA / ANGELLA’, with a central vignette of a turbaned chief. They are found postmarked.

BATUM, BATUMI: USSR port city (now in the country of Georgia); stamps were issued during British occupation from December 1918 to July 1920. Bogus stamps were issued in 1993.

BATUM – 1919 BRITISH OCCUPATION ISSUES FORGERIES: see Imperato, Nino – Philatelic Forger.

BEAR’S GREASE REPUBLIC: Country created in 1977 for Fun and Fact Calendar by Erbe Publications.

BEAR ISLAND: see Bjorn Oya.

BECHUCHULAND PROTECTORATE: British Colonial Royal Wedding frames from book Surreal Stamps and Unreal Stickers.

BELL’S DISPATCH – MONTRÉAL: Recorded ca. 1864; bogus issue created by S. Allan Taylor (q.v.); printed in various colors on yellowish paper, and inscribed ‘BELL’S DESPATCH / CONCORDIA SALUS (within an oval framing the seal of the City of Montréal) / MONTRÉAL (within a ribbon) / CENTS’ with an encircled ‘2’ in all four corners; representing a non-existent Canadian local post.

BENERA ISLAND: Island off the Coast of Scotland; labels issued bearing its name.

BESSARABIA: Bogus Russian local overprint.

BIKANER: A District in the northwest of the state of Rajasthan in northern India; produced revenue stamps, but not postage stamps. A group of six native language-inscribed stamps exist, but they are essays prepared for the then-Maharaja Sirdar Singh, and were never issued.

BIROBIDZHAN: Former Soviet-Jewish autonomous republic in Southern Siberia.

BJORN OYA: 1980s Bear Island-U.S local post; also overprints on Norwegian stamps.

BLJESAK: Jugoslavia.

‘BLOCKADE POSTAGE’: see Confederate States ‘Blockade Postage’.

BODY AND SOUL: see Lichaam en Geest.

BOJU OFU: Bogus issue from Burma.

BOKHARA: 1. Russian vassal state in Central Asia, with bogus stamps depicting a stylized mosque with local-language inscriptions having been issued in 1886; 2. see Khanate of Bokhara.

BOLLAWOLLABONGO (WOLLAWOLLABONGO): No Information Available.

BONGONGA: Spoof stamps created for a 1936 stamp exhibition.

BOOKGIRL, REPUBLIC OF: an Artistamp.

BOONIE ISLANDS: A remote non-existent place, the name having been popularized during WWII by Allied personnel assigned to remote Pacific theater islands.

BOSTON ISLAND: Fantasy stamp from American Journal of Philately.

BOUVET OYA: Antarctic island-overprints on stamps of Norway; repudiated by Norwegian government.

BOWERY EXPRESS: Recorded ca. 1865; bogus issue created by S. Allan Taylor (q.v.) representing the Bowery neighborhood in southern Manhattan local post services; the company existed, but never issued stamps.

BRAZIL – 1850 ISSUE FORGERIES: see Imperato, Nino – Philatelic Forger.

BRAZIL- FREE STATE OF COUNANI: see Counani, Free State of.

BRECQHOU (BRECHOU): Island in English Channel; labels issued bearing its name.

BREIZ: Bogus stamps for a French province.

BRIGHTON FORGER: see Treherne, Harold – Philatelic Forger.

BRITISH DURDURAS: British Colonial Royal Wedding frames from book Surreal Stamps and Unreal Stickers.

BRITISH GUIAGU: British Colonial Royal Wedding frames from book Surreal Stamps and Unreal Stickers.

BRITISH MONMON ISLANDS: British Colonial Royal Wedding frames from book Surreal Stamps and Unreal Stickers.

BRITISH NAIANA: British Colonial Royal Wedding frames from book Surreal Stamps and Unreal Stickers.

BROWN’S STAMP DEPOT CITY POST: Recorded ca. 1877; bogus issues created by S. Allan Taylor (q.v.) for a New York stamp dealer planning to initiate a ‘philatelic local post’; printed in different colors on papers of various colors, and inscribed ‘CITY POST / FROM BROWN’S STAMP DEPOT – 145 NASSAU St. NY (contained within a circle framing a caricature) / POST OFFICE / ONE CENT’.

BRUCE GRENVILLE: see Grenville, Bruce.

BUFFALO CITY DESPATCH: Recorded ca. 1879; bogus issues representing a non-existent Buffalo, New York, local post.

BUKOVINA: Ukrainian local overprint.

BUMBUNGA, PROVINCE OF: Australian 1970s-1980s secessionist micronation located northeast of Adelaide on a farm at Bumbunga.

BURIATIA: Bogus Russian local overprint.

CADAQUES: Donald Evans (q.v.) (q.v.) ArtiStamp (q.v.) issue Spain-themed.

CALDEY ISLAND: Island off the coast of Wales; labels issued bearing its name.

CALF OF MAN: Over 400 different Local carriage labels issued during 1962-1972.

CALIPHATE OF SOMA: an Artistamp.

CALLAWAY, KINGDOM OF: Advertising gimmick; overprinted on U.S. stamps for a homecoming celebration.

CALUDA, TERRITOIRES (KATIBO): Donald Evans (q.v.) ArtiStamp (q.v.) issue, South America-themed.

CALVE ISLAND: Small island off the coast of Mull, in Scotland; labels issued bearing its name.

CANADA – GRAND TRUNK RAILWAYS BOGUS ISSUE: 19th century bogus issue possibly created by S. Allan Taylor (q.v.) representing a non-existent Canadian railroad newspaper post; the label appears to be an imitation of the then-current British private post railroad newspaper stamps. The typeset framed label is inscribed ‘For One Newspaper Only. / GRAND TRUNK / RAILWAY / (bar) / No. … / (bar) / To be called for by Con- / signee at the Station on / the G. Trunk Railway to / which it is addressed.’.

C. & W. BRIDGE DESPATCH: Recorded ca. 1864; bogus issues created by S. Allan Taylor (q.v.); printed on various colored papers and inscribed ‘C. & W. / BRIDGE / DESPATCH’ or ‘C. & W. / PENNY POST’ within various frames; represents a non-existent United States local post.

CANNA ISLAND: Labels with this name are charity seals.

CAPACUA: A set-of-5 5¢-20¢ bogus issues representing a non-existent Bolivian territory created as an April Fool’s Day prank in 1883 by the Belgian philatelic dealer Jean-Baptiste Moens; the mythical state had the city of ‘Santa Teresa’ as its capital (Moens is generally recognized as being the first commercial stamp dealer; b. 27 May 1833, d. 28 April 1908). The fantasy issue depicts a central Coat of Arms with the inscription ‘REPUB. Del CAPACUA / CORREOS (denomination)’.

CAPOLAND: Non-existent country that moves based on the political situation at the time (e.g., during WWII, it was located in Salt Lake City, Utah).

CARATCHAEVO: Bogus Russian issue.

CARAWAK: British Colonial Royal Wedding frames from book Surreal Stamps and Unreal Stickers.

CARINTHIA KÄRNTEN: see Kärten-Carinthia.

CARKS AND CAICTU ISLANDS: British Colonial Royal Wedding frames from the book Surreal Stamps and Unreal Stickers.

CARN IAR: 1961 British local carriage labels.

CAROTTE: (Fr.) 1. Carrot; (Fr. slang) a bogus or fantasy stamp issue.

CASTLEMORE: Irish fantasy issue.

CAT ISLAND: Fantasy stamp from American Journal of Philately.

CAVE: Ceylon overprint that was applied on postage stamps to prevent theft.

CELESTIA: see Nation of Celestial Space.

CESTODA: British fantasy issue.

CHABACANO, REPOBLIK DE: Bogus stamps for fictional republic in the Philippines.

CHAKASIA: Bogus Russian local overprint.

CHAUSEY: British Channel Island.

CHECHENIA: Russian label.

CHERKESIA: Bogus Russian issue.

CHEROKEE NATION: Island in the Rio Grande, whose populace was planning to declare independence.

CHIAPAS LIBRE: Mexican State that is center of revolutionary movement; issued local stamps in 1995.

CHIOSSONE, EDOARDO: see Japan – 1876-1892 ‘Koban’ Issues.

CHRISTMAS ISLAND: Stamps printed prior to 1958 were printed and used by the Central Pacific Coconut Plantation Ltd.

CHRISTMAS ISLAND – AUSTRALIA: Privately-issued stamp booklets having no connection nor official status whatsoever with the Australia Post Office.

CHUASHIA: Bogus Russian issue.

CHUVASHIA: Bogus Russian issue.

CITY EXPRESS MESSENGER CO. LTD. DESPATCH LABEL: A ca. early 1900s label used by the ‘Boyd’s American Express Messenger Service’ located im Melbourne, Australia. Employed as an advertising label, the item depicts a running messenger; it was used by the company to confirm to the addressee that the message or parcel had been delivered using the company’s services.

CLAUSLAND: Christmas fantasy stamps created by Maggie Kate.

CLAUSLANDIA: Christmas fantasy stamps created by Maggie Kate.

CLAVOLOGIQUE, PRINCIPALITY OF: Bogus label of French origin.

CLIPPERTON ISLAND: An uninhabited atoll ca. 700 miles southwest of Acapulco, México; awarded to France in 1935. The island was owned by the Oceanic Phosphate Co., who operated a guano business there during 1893-1897, and who privately issued stamps for use on employee mails conveyed by the company’s ships when travelling between the island and San Francisco. The series-of-10 stamps were printed by lithography during March 1895 in San Francisco in five different designs, and were perforated 11-½ All of the stamps depict a central map of the island enclosing ‘1895’, and are with differing borders. Used copies in the appear to be precanceled with a violet double-ring ‘W. FRESE & CO. SAN FRANCISCO // AGENTS FOR O.P. CO.’ handstamp. They were first recorded in the 15th June 1895 edition of the British philatelic journal Stamp Collectors Fortnightly.

COLE’S CITY POST: ca. 1875-or earlier 3¢ black on pink paper bogus issue representing a non-existent United States local post.

COLOMBIA – 1865 ISSUE FORGERIES: see Friedl, Sigmund – Philatelic Forger.

COLOMBIA – ALMAGUER: see Almaguer.

COLOMBIA – BARRANQUILLA BOGUS ISSUE: see Barranquilla.

COLOMBIA – MAGDELENA BOGUS ISSUE: see Magdelena.

COLOMBIA – SOBRE PORTE BOGUS ISSUES: see Sobre Porte Bogus Issues.

COLONIA NUEVA AUSTRALIA: see Cosme Colony.

CONCH REPUBLIC: 1992 privately-printed secession Propaganda labels from the Florida Keys to protest roadblocks by the U.S. Border Patrol to catch illegal immigrants.

CONFEDERATE STATES ‘BLOCKADE POSTAGE’: A series-of-3 different values fantasy issues of unknown origin first reported in 1864 in the Belgian philatelic journal Le Timbre-Poste; each of the values were issued in various colors. The designs are a checkered border with similar text, the exception being the destination for the individual values: the 25¢, 50¢ and $1 are inscribed ‘CONFEDERATE // Blockade / Postage to / W. Indies // STATES N.A.’, while a different $1 value is inscribed ‘CONFEDERATE // Blockade / Postage to / Europe // STATES N.A.’ The Belgian dealer, Jean-Baptiste Moens (q.v.), offered the issues as being available from his offices during the middle 1860s.

COOK LAND: North Pole bogus issue appearing in the early 1900’s.

COOLAND: No Information Available; related to West Refaim.

CORAL SEA ISLANDS TERRITORY: Islands off the coast of Queensland, Australia.

CORO PRIVATE COMMERCIAL POST: see Venezuela – Coro Private Commercial Post.

COROCO: Imaginary South American state described as being adjacent Chile; described in the novel The Clue of the Postage Stamp, by Arthur Bray (1913.). As a promotion for book sales, a multi-coloured lithographed stamp-like label printed by Messrs. Alex. Thom. & Co. of London and Dublin, and depicting the fictitious story hero and inscribed ‘COROCO / 5 Centavos’, was pasted on the outer cover of the book.

COSME COLONY: 1890s bogus overprints for a socialist Australian settlement in Paraguay (Colonia Nueva Australia).

COUNANI, FREE STATE OF: A fictitious independent area being part of Brazil; named the ‘Republic of Independent Guiana’; located south of Cayenne, French Guiana, claiming all of the land north of the Amazon River, including port of Manaus, to the boundaries of the Guianas; Brazil did not recognize the ‘free and independent state of Counani’. Bogus stamps for the area were issued in 1887 and 1893 and 1904. The June 1887 issue, being a primitive-type white print on a black background, and printed on white thin paper, is inscribed about the edges ‘REP. Du // POSTES // COUNANI / (value)’ with a central outlined ‘Star’ and ‘LIBERTE’ inscription. The 1893 issues are similar in design and black print to those of 1887, with the exception that ‘1893’ is added under ‘LIBERTE’ and the spandrels (‘X’s’) are replaced with ‘dots’; issued on different colored papers for the various districts: Couripi (white), Cachipur (magenta), Ouassa (pale blue), St. Marie (orange), Lagune (green); the stamps were re-issued in June 1893, now printed on glacé paper, and adding a red paper for the Calsoëne district. The 1893 issues for the six districts were overprinted for official use in June (or August) 1893 with a ‘PRESIDENCE’ inscription in black. A series-of-8 1¢-1Bengali September 1893 issues were more professionally surface-printed and were perforated; they are inscribed about the edges ‘REPU DU / POSTES / COUNANI / LIBERTÉ’ with a central ‘(value) / 1893’. The 1904 issue is a series of imperforate stamps of the same design but in two sizes, these issues being inscribed about the edges ‘TRESOR / COUNANI / POSTES / (value)’ with a central ‘Star-in-Shield’ framed by a wreath.

CROATIA GOVERNMENT IN EXILE: Propaganda issues by various Croatian freedom movements.

CRYONICA: fictional territory created during the 1970s-1980s by New Zealander Bruce Grenville (q.v.), a producer of ArtiStamp (q.v.).

CUBA – ‘REP. DE CUBA’ BOGUS ISSUES: Appearing ca. 1871 long before the 1898 Spanish-American War, labels posing as stamps began appearing in the philatelic market, the first of which was printed in green on white wove paper and inscribed ‘CORREOS / REP. DE CUBA (over a patriotic shields) / 10 CENTAVOS 10’. A second bogus issue appeared ca. 1896, being a series-of-4 2¢-25¢ issues with a design almost identical to the 1871 issue, except the ‘CORREOS’ inscription is in taller letters, and there are no figures of value in the upper spandrels.

CUERVO GOLD, REPUBLIC OF: Caribbean island fantasy produced by the owners of the Mexican Cuervo Gold-brand Tequila.

COLOMBIA – CUNDINAMARCA BOGUS ISSUES: Originally a state in Colombia, and now one of the Departments of that country; issued postage and registration stamps during 1870-1904. Bogus type-set issue appeared ca. 1872 with either upright (1¢) or italic (10¢) inscriptions reading ‘CORREOS / (value) / E.S. DE CUN / DINAMARCA’.

CUNDINAMARCA: see Colombia – Cundinamarca Bogus issues.

CWLADFA PATAGONIA: Argentinean Welsh settlement established in 1865

CYMRU: Welsh propaganda issue.

DAGESTAN: Bogus Russian local overprint.

DAHLAK ISLANDS: Labels produced for a scientific expedition to explore the Eritrean-owned coastal islands.

DAM BATAI: Bogus issues from Burma.

DAPHSO ISLAND: Island in South China Sea.

DAVAAR ISLAND: Island off the coast of Scotland with local issues bearing its name.

DAY DREAM ISLAND: Publicity label produced by a hotel located in Queensland, Australia.

DAYMAN ISLANDS: see Aayman Islands.

DEB’S COLONY POSTAGE: Fantasy from American Journal of Philately.

DERRY, FREE: Fantasy from the National Lampoon magazine.

DESOLATION ISLANDS: see Kerguelen Islands.

DE SPERATI, JEAN – PHILATELIC FORGER: (b. 1884 in Pisa, Italy; d. 1957 in Aix-les-Bains, France). Being a professional engraver and printer, Sperati’s experienced talents allowed him to become one of the foremost of the philatelic forgers, with his creations deceiving even the most experienced expertisers at that time. His first creations were the widely-sold forgeries of the rare stamps of San Marino, which were crafted to such a degree that even contemporary expertisers certified their genuiness. Encouraged by the success of his first effort, he continued his forging by producing more than 500 rare stamps representing over 100 worldwide stamp-issuing entities — even his forged cancellations were meticulously researched and duplicated. He ran afoul of the law in 1942, when French Customs officials intercepted one of his stamp exports, this time to a well-known dealer in Portugal. Sperati had tagged the package as being of ‘value’ on the customs label and, as a result, the officials charged him with exporting ‘items of capital value’ without a valid license in order to avoid paying customs taxes. He protested that the stamps were his reproductions but, in a quirk of fate, experts declared them to be genuine. In order to have the charges against him dropped, Sperati confessed to his indiscretions, allowing the philatelic world to know of his forgeries. What followed is that Sperati’s confession relieved him of his problems with the customs officials, but opened the doors to his prosecution for criminal fraud. He went to trial during April 1948, claiming that he was an ’artist’ and not a ‘forger’, and further claiming that his ‘artwork’ sold at 1% of the value of the genuine items, allowing most collectors to have ‘space filler’ representations in their albums.He also claimed that he inadvertently neglected to mark his works as being ‘reproductions’, promising that such oversights would not happen in the future. His defense was not successful, and he was sentenced to one year in prison with a 10,000 Franc fine, as well as a 300,000 Franc fine for his criminal intentions; he managed not to serve prison time because of his age, now at 64 years. Given the promise that he would never again create forgeries, the British Philatelic Association purchased all of his remaining forgeries, his tools to create the forgeries, and his plates to print the forgeries, all for a substantial amount of money, allowing Sperati to live in relative comfort until he died at the age of 73.

DE THUIN, RAOUL CHARLES – PHILATELIC FORGER: (b. 1890, d. 25 April 1975). Originally a stamp dealer in Belgium, in his later years de Thuin relocated to Mérida, México, where he eventually became a citizen. During the 1916-1949s period, de Thuin specialized in the forging of rare overprints and cancellations on the stamps of México, and Central and South America, as well as other worldwide areas; it appears that he did not forge entire stamps, with the exception of the classic issues of México. In 1927, de Thuin opened a stamp shop in Brussels named Maison de Thuin, which was located at 35 Boulevard Lambermont, and where his forging techniques were being perfected, including the removal of revenue cancellations from British Empire stamps, and the forging of the rare surcharges on the stamps of Thailand. Wanted by authorities in Belgium and France on charges for the attempt to defraud the public by producing stamp forgeries, de Thuin relocated to México in 1931 posing as a journalist. Expelled from México in for allegedly organizing a forgery group that included public officials, he then relocated to Tegucigalpa, Honduras, where he was imprisoned and expelled in 1936, once again relocating to México, and then to Guayaquil, Ecuador, where he lived until his death in 1975 at the age of 85. Determined to end de Thuin’s deceitful business, during the 1960s the American Philatelic Society purchased de Thuin’s remaining forgeries stock and forging equipment, publishing a 523-page volume chronicling his counterfeiting career: The Yucatan Affair: The Work of Raoul Ch. De Thuin, Philatelic Counterfeiter (1974).

DEUTSCH-OST-AFRICA – SCHÜLKE u. MAYR: see German East Africa – Schülke u. Mayr Issue.

DHUFAR: An area of Oman representing ca. 1/3rd of the country’s land mass; the area is distinct from the balance of the sultanate. The area was in a state of rebellion in the early 1970s, producing propaganda locals stamps; Dhufar was never recognized as a legitimate government.

DIE WELT OVERPRINT: see Germany – Die Welt Overprint.

DOBOJ: Local Repubika Srpska (see Srpska, Republika) issue for Jugoslavia.

DOLAND: Donald Evans (q.v.) ArtiStamp (q.v.) issue.

DOMINIDO: British Colonial Royal Wedding frames from book Surreal Stamps and Unreal Stickers.

DONALD EVANS: see Evans, Donald.

DON RIVER RAILWAY SOCIETY: Tasmania, Australia, fantasy stamp issue.

DONKO MULAS: April Fool’s Day prank fantasy issue; valued in either cents or øre.

DOUGERTHY & HESPERIES ISLANDS: Bogus Pacific Island group.

DOWN’S DESPATCH: Recorded ca. 1865; bogus issues created by S. Allan Taylor (q.v.); printed in different colors on papers of various colors; represents a non-existent United States local post.

DRAGONERA: 1963 Greek Islands locals repudiated by government.

DRAKE’S ISLAND: Great Britain local from an island located in Plymouth Sound; formerly named St. Michael’s Island.

DRUK-PU: Bogus Bhutan overprints on Indian stamps.

DUCIE ISLAND, DEPENDENCY OF: Pitcairn Island bogus overprint. DUCKSTAD: Donald Duck’s own country; privately-printed stamp-like labels from the Netherlands.

DUTCH EAST INDIES – ‘ATJEH’ ISSUE: see Atjeh.

EARABOL: see Embo.

EASDALE ISLAND: One of the Slate Islands located in the Firth of Lorn, Scotland; labels issued in 1996 bearing its name.

EASTER ISLAND: Bogus issue using the frame of a St. Vincent stamp; q.v. Rapa-Nui.

EASTERN SIBERIA: Bogus Russian local overprint.

ÉCRÉHOUS: see les Écréhous.

EDELWEISS, KINGDOM OF: an ArtiStamp (q.v.) creation representing an imperial residence in Winston-Salem, NC.

EDEN ISLAND: A parody issue being of a possible Swiss origin.

E.D. PRINCE LETTER DISPATCH: Recorded ca. 1866; bogus issues created by S. Allan Taylor (q.v.); printed in different ink colors on papers of various colors; represents a non-existent Portsmouth, New Hampshire, to Portland, Maine, local post.

EGYPT – ANDERSON-NEARY, JONES & COMPANY: see Anderson-Neary, Jones & Company.

EILBERT & CELICE ISLANDS: British Colonial Royal Wedding frames from book Surreal Stamps and Unreal Stickers.

EL DORADO, FEDERATED STATE OF: Fantasy from The American Philatelist.

ELFLAND: Christmas fantasy stamps created by Maggie Kate.

ELLEORE: the oldest modern-day micro-nation, the ‘Kingdom of Elleore’ was founded by a group of Danish schoolteachers (the ‘Immortals’) on the uninhabited island of Elleore in 1944. A children’s holiday trips destination, with ‘local stamps’ being issued in order to support the effort.

EMBO (Scottish Gaelic: EARABOL) is a village in the Highland Council Area in Scotland and the former postal county of Sutherland, about 2 miles NNE of Dornoch. On 16 July 1988, Embo declared itself independent from the rest of the United Kingdom for one day. This was done to raise funds to convert the unused primary school in the village into a community centre. The village issued its own currency, named the ‘Cuddie’. The rate of exchange was 2 cuddies to the pound. Cuddies were accepted in the local public house – Grannies Heilan’ Hame, in exchange for a measure of Clynelish Malt Whisky. The owners of the distillery, in nearby Brora, sponsored the bid for independence by issuing a commemorative label on 50 cases of Clynelish Malt Whisky, the labels becoming a popular ephemera collectible.

EMPEROR OF THE WORLD: Bogus issue; produced in India in 1892.

EMPIRE OF SAHARA: see Sahara, Empire of.

EREHWON, PRINCIPALITY OF: ‘Nowhere’ spelled backwards, a modern-day George Fabian (Park Forest, IL) fantasy.

ERITREA – 1892 ISSUES FORGERIES: see Imperato, Nino – Philatelic Forger

ESSAD PASHA: see Albania – Essad Pasha.

ESPERANAT RESPUBLIKO INSULO ROZOJ (Republic of Isle of Roses): A 400 square meter platform constructed in the Adriatic Sea off the coast of Rimini, Italy.

ESQUIMEUX POSTAGE: Fantasy from the American Journal of Philately.

ESTADO DE JIPIJAPA: Bogus Ecuadorian issue.

ETAT DOMINO: Donald Evans (q.v.) ArtiStamp (q.v.) issue.

ETHIOPIA, FREE: Charity labels made to look like postage stamps.

EVANS, DONALD: (b. 08/28/45 in Morristown NJ; d. 1984 in a fire in Amsterdam, the Netherlands). An Artistamp (q.v.) creator, Evans was an artist of miniature watercolor-painted stamp-like images, having started collecting stamps at the age of 6. His series of thousands of ‘commemorative issues’ depicted everything that was special to his world, with each imaginary country each having its own history, geography, currency, and even climate (q.v. The World of Donald Evans, Willy Eisenhart, Publisher: Harlin Quist, 1980).

EVENKIA: Bogus Russian issue.

EYNHALLOW: Also known as Holy Island, located off the coast of Scotland; local carriage post labels bearing its name printed during 1974-1984.

FANNING ISLAND: Bogus issue using frame of a St. Vincent postage stamp.

FANTIPPO: From a ‘Dr. Doolittle’ book – Fauna & Flora; a Donald Evans (q.v.) issue.

FAUSTIN I + EMPEREUR: see Haiti – 1850 Bogus Essays.

FEDERATION OF EQUATORIAL, ANTARCTIC & INTERPLANETARY FEDERATION OF ETHNIC MINORITIES: originating from in Burma, labels used to draw attention to perceived human rights violations.

FIFI: British Colonial Royal Wedding frames from book Surreal Stamps and Unreal Stickers.

FORGOTTONIA: Late 1960s-early 1970s bogus overprinted U.S. stamps for a proposed republic in western Illinois comprised of a fourteen county region wanting an Interstate Highway to go through their area.

FOURÉ, GEORGES – FORGER: (b. ca. 1848 in Paris; d. 1902). Fouré was a French-born stamp dealer who lived in Berlin, and who in 1878 was appointed the editor-publisher of the prestigious Berliner Illustrierte Philatelisten-Zeitung. Befriending H.G. Schilling, an engraver for both the Prussian and Imperial German Post Offices, who also maintained a personal collection of master stamp dies and overprinting clichés, and who had access to printing facilities, allowed Fouré to enter the world of creating philatelic forgeries. Schilling produced forged German States postal stationery with North German Confederation overprints, the forgeries being virtually perfect replicas, as they were made with the original dies on the government’s printing presses. Fouré’s grand plan was exposed in 1893, and in 1896 he left his family in Berlin and returned to Paris where, apparently, he continued manufacturing his forgeries until his death.

FOURNIER, FRANÇOIS – PHILATELIC FORGER: (b. 24 April 1846 in Croix-de-Rozon, Switzerland; d. 12 July 1917 in Genève, Switzerland). Fournier was a master stamp forger, who entered the counterfeiter’s working arenas in later life when in May 1904 he purchased the philatelic stock of a bankrupt Genève dealer, Henri Goegg, who operated under the name Louis-Henri Mercier. His forgeries began soon after the purchase of the Mersier firm, his self-designated ‘facsimile reproductions’ prospering and expanding during the 1910-1913 period because of the sale of the forgeries in tandem with the sale of valuable genuine items. There is nothing to indicate that Fournier ever marketed his ‘facsimile reproductions’ as other than what they were but, on the other hand, he disallowed attempts to identify his ‘facsimile reproductions’ by applying to the front or back of them an indelible marking of some type; whether the choice of doing so was simple naivety or purposeful for possible fraudulent intentions is not known. He was never convicted for any type of criminal offense. His once good relations with the philatelic world began deteriorating when it became known in knowledgeable circles that his crafts were being distributed as genuine stamps by unscrupulous dealers and others, the results being that his ‘ff\acsimile reproductions’ were boycotted by the mainstream of the philatelic trade, and he was not allowed to advertise his wares in the philatelic press. Countering the movements against him, in 1910 Fournier published his house organ, Le Fac-Simile which, purportedly, had a distribution of 25,000 copies per edition, and which was used as a voice to demean the criticisms aimed against him. The outset of WWI, with its resultant curtailment of international mails and implementation of time-consuming censorship procedures, greatly curtailed his business. His rapidly declining health resulted in his death in 1917. One of his employees, Charles Hirschburger, unsuccessfully attempted to continue the business, and when Hirschburger died in 1927, his widow sold all of the remaining Fournier ‘facsimile reproductions’ items and other stock, as well as the manufacturing equipment, to the Union Philatélique de Genève. The equipment was donated to the Genève Museum of History, and the remaining salvageable facsimiles were overprint with the words Fauxor Facsimile. Albums of Fournier’s ‘facsimile reproductions’ were made and sold as reference handbooks, and a comprehensive five-volume reference set of them was made for the Union Philatélique de Genève Library. All of the remaining Fournier stock, much of which was moisture-damaged due to improper storage conditions, was burned on 15 September 1928 under the direction of the Bailiff of the Genève Canton.

FRIEDL, SIGMUND – PHILATELIC FORGER: (b. 1851 in Lipnik nad Becvou, Moravia; d. 1914 in Vienna, Austria). A famous Austrian philatelist and stamp dealer, opening a stamp shop in Vienna in 1872; in his later years he duped stamp collectors by knowingly selling forgeries. He produced numerous dangerous forgeries such as the rare 1856 Austria newspaper stamp, the 1865 Colombia Arms of Colombia issue, and the early issues of Moldavia and Romania. After his misdeeds were revealed, the courts ordered that he had to make restitution.

FR. JOSIP EARTH: Franz Joseph Land (q.v.).

FRANDIA: Donald Evans (q.v.) ArtiStamp (q.v.) issue.

FRANZ-JOSEPH LAND: An archipelago of ca. 190 islands located in the Arctic Ocean in the far north of Russia; various bogus stamp issues appeared in 1874. The first set of bogus stamps were issued by Sigmund Friedl (q.v.), a leading dealer in Vienna; the issues resemble the Cape of Good Hope triangular stamps, but are inscribed ‘CAP WIEN / 1872-74 / FRANZ JOSEPH LAND’. The second bogus issue was in an upright rectangular format with an Emperor Franz Joseph profile, the Austrian and Hungarian Coats-of-Arms in the upper spandrels, an inscription enclosed in an oval reading ‘FRANZ JOSEPH-LAND / 25 SILB. KR.’, and ‘18’ and ‘74’ in the lower spandrels. The third bogus issue is virtually identical to the second, the exceptions being the Austrian and Hungarian Coats-of-Arms are transposed in the upper spandrels, the initials ‘W’ and ‘P’ (for the expeditions leaders, Karl Weyprecht and Julian von Payer) replace the year date in the lower spandrels, and the value is replaced with an inscription reading ‘Er’. M. d. N.P.E. 1874’ (Erinnerungs-Marke der Nord Pole Expedition – 1874). A two-cents denominated private issue stamp was made by in 1905 by members of the Zeiglar Polar Expedition, who established Camp Abruzzi, on Rudolf Island; the inscribed label depicts a glacier and a polar bear.

FREE DERRY: Fantasy from National Lampoon magazine.

FREE ETHIOPIA: Charity labels made to look like postage stamps.

FREE VINLAND: Bogus independent ‘West Vinland’ issues

FREE VINLAND REPUBLIC: fictional territory created during the 1970s-1980s by New Zealander Bruce Grenville (q.v.), a producer of ArtiStamp (q.v.).

FREMONT, REPUBLIC OF: Self-proclaimed republic, simply being a houseboat on the left bank of the ship canal in Oregon.

FRENCH CONGO BOGUS ISSUES: A series-of-4 different design bogus issues inscribed ‘POSTES / CONGO FRANÇAIS’ first appearing in 1891, and resembling the locally-lithographed stamps of Diego Suarez, but being cruder wood cuts. Subsequent investigations unearthed the identity of the culprit, a collector-dealer in Marseilles.

FRENCH GUIANA – FREE STATE OF COUNANI: see Counani, Free State of.

FRENCH WEST AFRICA: Publicity label in the format of a stamp used as promotion for a Tarzanmovie.

FRESTONIA: name adopted in 1977 by the residents of Freston Road, a street at the north western boundary of Notting Hill, London, when they attempted to secede from the United Kingdom for publicity purposes.

FRIEDL, SIGMUND: (b. 1851 in Lipník nad Becvou, Moravia; d. 1914 in Vienna). A stamp dealer since the age of 15, he purchased one of the largest stamp stores in Vienna, and discovered many of the classics-era rarities, to include the Sweden ‘Tre Skilling Banco’. Although a master philatelist and dealer, he also is known for his philatelic indiscretions, including the numerous ‘Friedl Forgeries’ and other bogus issues.

FROMAGE COLONAISE FRANCAISE: (Fr., French Colonial Cheese): Bogus label resembling stamps issued for a non-existent French Colonial cheese.

GAGAUZIA: Bogus Russian local overprint.

GAIRSAY: Scotland’s Orkney Island local post.

GALAMA: German-origin advertising label.

GAMBIERS: 1877 bogus overprints for the Gambier Islands (or Mangareva Islands; Fr., Îles Gambier or Archipel des Gambier), an island group located in French Polynesia, being at the southeast terminus of the Tuamotu archipelago. Several French colonial stamps issues appeared in 1887 having a bogus ‘(bar) / GAMBIERS / 10c / (bar)’ overprint.

GAMBILLA, REPUBLIC OF: ca. 1981 French bicycle fantasy issue depicting the letters ‘RG’ (Republic of Gambilla), and a depiction of Ernest Michaux with his vintage bicycle.

GBLA, G.B.L.A.: see Great Bitter Lake Association.

GENERAL GRANT EXPEDITION – 1915: see Auckland Islands.

GERMAN EAST AFRICA – SCHÜLKE u. MAYR ISSUE: The local Schülke u. Mayr trading company offices received A 1-year contract to transport mails between Dar es Salam and the military stations of Muansa and Bukoba on Lake Victoria, via the towns of Kilossa, Mpapua and Tabora route. They were lithograph-printed on white paper by Giesecke & Devrient (Leipzig) in 1892 as perforated 11-½ sheets-of-25, and are inscribed ‘SCHÜLKE & MAYR’s / AFRIKANISCHE-SEEEN-POST / under Contract mit dem Kaiserl. Gouvernment in / DEUTSCH-OST-AFRIKA’ (Schülke & Mayr’s / African Lake Post / under Contract with the Imperial Government in / German East Africa). Unfortunately, before the stamps could be used, the 1-year contract expired, and the government declined a renewal and further negotiations due to the services being perceived as being unreliable. The company is in existence to day, being a leading German manufacturer of specialty chemicals. For their 50th Anniversary in 1939, 3,000 set of private reprints were made in their original colors for philatelic souvenirs; the reprints are easily distinguishable, as they have a solid rather than a burélage background, and they are perforated 10-¾.

GERMANY – DIE WELT OVERPRINT: Germany 1915 Germania-type issue with a gothic-letter ‘Die Welt’ propaganda overprint produced for the ‘…    War Stamp Exhibition in London in 1915 as a jocular allusion to the much vaunted German aspirations to rule the earth    …’ .

GILBBER & GILCE ISLANDS: British Colonial Royal Wedding frames from book Surreal Stamps and Unreal Stickers.

GILLIGAN’S ISLAND: Publicity label issued for a supposed uncharted island in the Pacific; created for the popular U.S. comedy television program, Gilligan’s Island.

GINGIN ISLANDS: British Colonial Royal Wedding frames from book Surreal Stamps and Unreal Stickers.

GLACETON: Antarctic fantasy issue.

GLENVEAGH: Donald Evans (q.v.) ArtiStamp (q.v.) issue for Ireland.

GNOSTIS: Donald Evans (q.v.) issue, mystical symbols.

GOAT ISLAND: Bogus Irish stamps printed on water soluble paper.

GOBIERNO CONSTITUCIONALISTA AGUASCALIENTES: 1914 Mexican overprint on five stamps and one postage due label by revolutionary forces.

GOGO ISLAND: Stamp designs from Editions Pen, Switzerland.

GOPSHE: Donald Evans (q.v.) ArtiStamp (q.v.) issue representing a friend’s dog.

GORDONIA: Labels possible representing a Jewish colony.

GOVÊRNO REVOLUCIONÁRIO DE ANGOLA NO EXÍLIO: see Angola Government in Exile.

GRAE: (abbr.) see Angola Government in Exile.

GRAHAM MEMORIAL CITY: An Antarctic fantasy issue.

GRAND FENWICK, DUCHY OF: Advertising fantasies produced for the comedy movie, The Mouse That Roared.

GRAND TRUNK RAILWAYS BOGUS ISSUE: see Canada – Grand Trunk Railways Bogus Issue.

GREAT BARRIER ISLAND ‘PIGEON POST’: see New Zealand – Great Barrier Island ‘Pigeon Post’

GREAT BITTER LAKE ASSOCIATION (GBLA): During the 1967 Arab-Israeli Yon Kippur War, a number of ships were trapped in the Suez Canal, remaining at anchor in the Great Bitter Lake for many years previously to being released. The crews on these ships formed a loosely-knit association, which organized socializing and sporting events; they also operated their own local posts, and issued their own local stamps.

GREAT ISLAND: A Donald Evans (q.v.) ArtiStamp (q.v.) 1940 fantasy issue.

GREEN MOUNTAIN PRINCIPALITY: Overprints on bogus State of Oman stamps.

GRENVILLE, BRUCE: (b. 1950 in New Zealand). A creator of ArtiStamp (q.v.) during 1970s-1980s, he attained notoriety for a hoax involving the fictional Utopian Sultanate State of Oecussi-Ambeno located as an exclave on the Island of Timor, with him being the self-proclaimed ‘Sultan’. His creations included the fictional territories of Aldabra, the Antarctic Confederation, Aramoana, Cryonica, the Free Vinland Republic, Karenni, Khanate of Bokhara, the Kingdom of all the Sedang(not to be confused with the Kingdom of Sedang), the Land of Muggy, Lar, Nova Arcadia, the People’s Republic of Kempland, the Republic of Liegerland, the Republic of Port Maria, Raoul, the Sultanate of Upper Yafa, Tui Tui, Whangamomona. He also created an imaginary ‘United Nations’, the International Council of Independent States (ICIS).

GRUNAY ISLAND: Scotland local post in Skeoris, Shetland Island;

GUATEMALA – 1867 BOGUS ISSUE: Guatemala’s first postage stamps were issued 1st March 1871. A very much stamp-like 5 Avos bogus issue appeared ca. 1867, created by S. Allan Taylor (q.v.). Supposedly being engraved ‘proofs’ in various colors for the country’s first issue, the attractive items depict a vignette of a sailing ship in a harbor, with the inscription reading ‘GUATEMALA / (vignette) / CORREOS CINCO CENT’. Forgeries of the bogus issue exist, being lithographed and imperforate, or with irregular (sewing machine?) perforations, and created in various colors.

GUATEMALA – 1898 BOGUS ISSUE: Guatemala’s revenue stamps were overprinted in 1898 to produce postal fiscals, the overprints reading either ‘CORREOS /NACIONALES’ or the same wording with a value inscription such as ‘1 / CENTAVO’ (Scott Nos. 86-96). Bogus issues appeared in 1899 with the overprint reading ‘FRANCO’ on the ‘1’, ‘5’, and ‘10’ centavos values.

GUATEMALA – 1902 BOGUS ISSUE: Guatemala’s 1886-1895 definitive issues are found with bogus overprints produced ca. 1902 by the Agencia Maritima de San José, the overprints reading ‘VIA / PANAMÁ’ or ‘VIA / PUERTO / BARRIOS’.

GUERNSEY-SARK: Island in English Channel with labels bearing this inscription.

GUGH ISLAND: Great Britain local carriage label; issued labels bearing its name.

GUMACA, STATE OF: Bogus Philippine Island issue.

GUTIGUA: British Colonial Royal Wedding frames from book Surreal Stamps and Unreal Stickers.

GUYLAND, REPUBLIC OF: an Artistamp.

HACKETT’S CITY POST: Recorded ca. 1865; bogus issues printed on various color papers and with two different inscription versions ‘HACKETT’S / 2 Cents / CITY POST.’ And ‘HACKETT’S / CITY POST / 2 CENTS’; represents a non-existent United States local post.

HAHAMAS: British Colonial Royal Wedding frames from book Surreal Stamps and Unreal Stickers.

HAITI – 1850 BOGUS ESSAYS: Haiti’s first postage stamps were issued in 1881. Alleged essays supposedly produced for an 1850 issue were first recorded in the philatelic press (Stamp Collectors’ Magazine, England) in 1867. The essays depict a central coat-of-arms and are inscribed ‘EMPIRE D’HAITI’ at the top, ‘FAUSTIN I + EMPEREUR’ within a circle, and the year date ‘18’ and ‘50’ in the upper spandrels.

HAITI – 1860 BOGUS ISSUE: A bogus issue first described in the ca. 1860s by a dealer. The upright rectangular format issue depicts a profile of a crowned female facing right, and is inscribed ‘MARAVEDIS (top and bottom panels) / RE MARQUATO J. HAIJTI – POMMARE (within an oval enclosing the profile)’.

HAITI – 1868 BOGUS ISSUE: A 25¢ orange-yellow (numerous light-through-dark shades) perforated 11 or 13 bogus issue appearing ca. 1868 depicting the Coat-of-Arms centrally within a circle, and inscribed a spaced ‘H A I T I’ across the top panel, and ‘25¢ POSTES 25$’ across the bottom panel.

HAITI – 1890 ALLEGED ESSAYS: A series-of-8 1¢-50¢ alleged essays inscribed ‘RÉPUBLIQUE D’HAITI’ and depicting 1888-1889 President François Denis Légitime appeared ca. 1890, having been found amongst the personal papers of a Haitian general. Apparently, the producer was attempting to market the items as replacements, but the 1889-1896 President Florvil Hyppoloite faction overthrew Légitime, and the potential stamps became of no postal or other value. Several ostensible essays of a similar design, but replacing Légitime’s portrait with the Coat-of-Arms obviously are from the same source.

HAKASIA: Bogus Russian local overprint.

HEMMINGWAY, LEICESTER: see Atlantis, New.

HENDERSON ISLAND, DEPENDENCY OF: Bogus overprint of Pitcairn Island.

HERM: Island off the coast of Guernsey; issued numerous local post issues bearing its name.

HESTON: Island off the coast of; issued labels bearing its name.

HEYCHELLES: British Colonial Royal Wedding frames from book Surreal Stamps and Unreal Stickers.

HILBRE ISLAND: Bogus British local issue.

HILDASAY: Tiny island in Shetlands, Scotland; labels issued bearing its name.

HIMRIYYA: British Colonial Royal Wedding frames from book Surreal Stamps and Unreal Stickers.

HIROSE – PHILATELIC FORGER: Active in the 1890s, and known only by his surname, Hirose was one of several master Japanese forgers of classic-era Japanese postage stamps, to include the 1871-1872 ‘Dragon’ (q.v.) and 1872-1876 ‘Cherry Blossom’ (q.v.) issues.

HOLY ISLAND: see Eynhallow.

HONAH LEE: ‘Puff the Magic Dragon’s’ kingdom, from a song made popular in 1963 by the American-folk singing trio Peter, Paul, and Mary; some critics believed that ‘Puff the Magic Dragon’ was a metaphor for ‘marijuana smoking’.

HONDURAS – 1898 ISSUE FORGERIES: see Imperato, Nino – Philatelic Forger.

HOOGS & MADISON DISPATCH POST: Recorded ca. 1879; bogus issues representing a non-existent San Francisco, California, local post.

HOURLY EXPRESS POST: Recorded ca. 1862; possibly created by S. Allan Taylor (q.v.) diamond-shaped 1¢ pale blue, blue or black on pink or green paper bogus issue representing a United States local post.

HUMANITY, KINGDOM OF: Imaginary island located between the Philippines and Indonesia.

HUNT’S DESPATCH: Recorded ca. 1865; bogus issues created by S. Allan Taylor (q.v.); printed on papers of various colors; represents a non-existent United States local post.

HUTT RIVER PROVINCE: Founded by George Casley on 21st April 1970 in the Australian State of Western Australia, and now known as The Principality of Hutt River, it is Australia’s oldest micro-nation, remaining a self-proclaimed independent sovereign state since its formation.

ICCR, I.C.C.R.: (abbr.) International Council of City Republics.

ICIS: (abbr.) see International Council of Independent States.

IFOR-BOSNIA: (acronym) Implementation Force-Bosnia. A NATO-led multinational peace-keeping force assigned a 20th December 1995 – 20th December 1996 1-year mandate in Bosnia & Herzegovina.

ILE BARBE: France fantasy stamps created by A. Bourdi.

ILE ROY: 1976-1980 French restaurant advertising publicity labels resembling stamps. Created by Auguste Bourdi for the dining establishment in Lyon.

ÎLES DES SOURDS (ISLANDS OF THE DEAF): Donald Evans (q.v.) ArtiStamp (q.v.) issue representing a tropical archipelago.

ÎLES KERGUELEN: see Kerguelen Islands.

IMPERATO, NINO – PHILATELIC FORGER: Imperato was a prolific forger of stamps, who was resident in the port city of Genoa, Italy, during the early 1920s, Similar to François Fournier (q.v.), he sold his forgeries as ‘facsimiles’ at a fraction of the cost of genuine issues. In the Italian philatelic areas, Imperato specialized in forging the classic issues of Two Sicilies, the 1892 issues of Eritrea, the 1908 Italian Offices in the Turkish Empire, the 1918 issues overprinted Venezia Giulia and Venezia Tridentina for use during the Italian occupation of Austria. Non-Italian areas for which his forgeries included the 1850 Brazil issues, the Cape of Good Hope issues, the 1898 Honduras issue, the 1905 Spain ‘Don Quixote’ commemorative set, the 1919 British Occupation of Batum, and more.

INDOMALAYSIA: Punch Magazine cover parody.

INGOLF: Overprints on U.S. stamps from somewhere in the Atlantic, possibly being a ship marking.

INGUSHETIA: Bogus Russian issue.

INISHFADA: see Long Island.

INTERNATIONAL COUNCIL OF INDEPENDENT STATE (ICIS): an imaginary organization equivalent to a ‘United Nations’ created ca. the 1970s-1980s by New Zealander Bruce Grenville, a producer of ArtiStamp.

INTERNATIONAL LETTER EXPRESS: Recorded ca. 1862; type-set printed on papers of various colors with various frames, and inscribed ‘INTERNATIONAL / Letter Express / (short line) / Two Cents’; represents a non-existent United States local post.

INTERSOL, KINGDOM OF: Labels resembling stamps created to advertise the 1968 fantasy and science-fiction book Musrum.

IRANQ: A spoof issue supposedly representing a political federation of Iran and Iraq.

IRELAND, FREE: Propaganda labels for a united Ireland produced by Price & Co., of Ireland.

IROQUOIS FEDERATION: Parody or spoof attributed to Punch Magazine.

ISLA DE MÁS AFUERA: (now, Alejandro Selkirk Island), second largest and most westerly island of the Juan Fernández Islands archipelago of the Valparaíso Region of Chile. Bogus overprints exist on Chilean stamps.

ISLA DE PASCU: see Rapa-Nui

ISLANDS OF THE DEAF: see Îles des Sourds.

ISLAS DE COLÓN: see Archipiélago de Colón.

ISLAS GALÁPAGOS: see Archipiélago de Colón.

ISO: Swedish island in Baltic Sea; a bogus local issue exists, apparently prepared for speculative purposes.

ISTRIA: Jugoslavia.

ITALY – 1908 OFFICES IN THE TURKISH EMPIRE FORGERIES: see Imperato, Nino – Philatelic Forger.

ITALY – 1918 OCCUPATION OF AUSTRIA FORGERIES: see Imperato, Nino – Philatelic Forger

IVIGTUT: Originally founded as a Greenland mining town, in 1806 cryolite was discovered in the area, with mining beginning in 1865. By 1987,he mineral deposits were exhausted, and the town of Ivigtut was abandoned. The only settlement within the municipality is the naval base at Kangilinnguit (Grønnedal), which is east of Ivigtut and which will be maintained. A bogus local post was created during the town’s existence.

JAMES COOK LAND: An Antarctic fantasy issue.

JANTAR: Donald Evans (q.v.) ArtiStamp (q.v.) Portuguese-themed issue.

‘JAPANESE STAMPS TOURIST BOOKLETS’: see Japan – Forgeries.

‘JAPANESE STAMPS TOURIST SHEETS’: see Japan – Forgeries.

JAPAN – FORGERIES: It has been estimated that the vast number of classic-era Japanese postage stamps in non-specialist collections, especially those that are vintage general collections, are from the vast pool of forgeries in existence; competent authorities have guestimated that these forgeries may be as high as at the 80%-90% level. Forgeries were created by several Japanese craftsmen, to include: Hirosi (q.v.), Maeda Kihei (q.v.; aka Kamigata-ya Shop), and Kotaro Wada (q.v.). The classic issues of Japan, to include the ‘Dragon’ (q.v. Japan – 1871-1872 ‘Dragon’ Issues), ‘Cherry Blossom’ (q.v. Japan – 1872-1876 ‘Cherry Blossom’ Issues), and ‘Koban’ Issues (q.v. Japan – 1876-1892 ‘Koban’ Issues) have been forged extensively. The quality of the forgeries range from those being readily recognizable, to those being expertly crafted. Forgeries of Japanese stamps mounted on large folded pages having an intricate decorative borders acting as a header with the inscription ‘THE COLLECTION / OF / ALL OLD JAPANESE POSTAGE STAMPS’ or similar, and followed by album-type descriptive spaces with the forgeries mounted, were sold to foreign tourists during the 1890s as souvenirs in seaport and other shops. Referred to as ‘Japanese Stamps Tourist Sheets’, the sheets included a non-standard number of reproductions, usually 50 in number, but ranging from ca. 40-90; one of the forgers, Wada, also sold these forgeries as ‘Tourist Booklets’. Most of these forgeries were created by the Japanese master forgers Kotaro Wada (q.v.) and Maeda Kihei (q.v.), the latter operating under the Kamigata-ya Shop name. Wada avoided criminal prosecution by the Japanese authorities for marketing the known stamp forgeries that he created by entering the Japanese character for sanko (‘reference copy’) or mozo (‘imitation’) within the forgeries’ design, these designations not being meaningful to non-Japanese speaking tourists; the first copies of the ‘tourist sheets’ did include the word ‘imitations’ in English, but this practice soon stopped. It is these stamp forgeries removed over the years from the ‘tourist sheets’ that make up the bulk of the forgeries found in general collections, especially those that are vintage. One method for determining whether a classic-era Japanese stamp is genuine or a forgery is to make assure that it does not bear a sanko or mozo inscription, as a very large percentage of the forgeries do include this giveaway clue; the examination method will eliminate those items that are obvious forgeries. However, absence of these characters does not guarantee genuiness, as many forgeries do not include the telltale inscription. The sanko or mozo (or mihon, meaning an ‘example’, not a ‘specimen) inscriptions normally are small in the same color as is the stamp, and more often that not are covered by a postmark; the Japanese characters for these words can be found on the International Society for Japanese Philately WebSite: http://www.isjp.org/Expert/index.html#signed.

JASON ISLANDS: an archipelago in the Falkland Islands, lying to the far northwest of West Falkland. Three of the major islands, Steeple Jason, Grand Jason and Clarke’s Islet, are private nature reserves owned by the Wildlife Conservation Society, New York. Other islands in the group are National Nature Reserves owned by the Falkland Islands Government. Privately-issued labels resembling postage stamps were made available for publicity and fund-raising purposes.

JAY’S DISPATCH, RICHWOOD’S DISPATCH: Recorded in 1888; fantasy issues created during 1887-1888 by James C. Jay of Richwoods, Iowa, a young stamp collector fro carrying the mails between Richwood and La Hoyt, Iowa, a distance of three miles.

JEAN-BAPTISTE MOENS: see Moens, Jean-Baptiste Philippe Constant.

JEFFRYES, GEORGE KIRKE – PHILATELIC FORGER: (aka Jeffreyes, Jeffreys, Jeffries; b. 1868). Jeffryes began counterfeiting the overprints of the British Empire and Latin America at the early age of 16. He graduated to crafting engraved (Ceylon, Grenada, New South Wales) and lithographed (Victoria) forgeries of British Empire stamps, as well as well as bogus stamps for Hawai’i. Although they were known to be forgeries, Jeffryes’ creations were marketed through the London stamp dealers Benjamin & Sarpy. In 1891, Jeffryes, Benjamin, and Sarpy were arrested and were convicted of conspiracy to defraud the public by selling known stamp forgeries, and the three conspirators were sentenced to six months imprisonment at hard labor.

JERKONIA: A Canadian fantasy issue.

JERMEND: a Donald Evans (q.v.) ArtiStamp (q.v.).

JEWISH REPUBLIC: Bogus Russian issue.

JIJI: British Colonial Royal Wedding frames from book Surreal Stamps and Unreal Stickers.

J.M. CHUTE DESPATCH: Recorded ca. 1865; bogus issues created by S. Allan Taylor (q.v.) and others; printed in different colors on papers of various colors; represents a non-existent Portsmouth, New Hampshire, to Portland, Maine, local post.

JOGUE: 1892 India Protective overprint (to prevent employee theft).

KABARBINO-BALKARIA: Bogus Russian issue.

KALIMANTAN, REPUBLIK: 1960s bogus stamp overprints for a supposed independence movement in Indonesia.

KALMYKIA or KALMIKIA: Bogus Russian issue.

KAMCHATKA: Bogus Russian issue.

KAMIGATA – PHILATELIC FORGER: see Kihei, Maeda – Philatelic Forger.

KAMTSHATKA: Bogus Russian local overprint.

KANGAROO ISLAND: Locals issued for Australia’s third-largest island after Tasmania and Melville Island; located 70 mi southwest of Adelaide, at the entrance of Gulf St Vincent.

KANTUNG: No Information Available.

KARACHAEVO-CHERKESIA: Bogus Russian issue.

KARAKALNAKIA: Bogus Russian issue.

KARAKALPASTON: Bogus Russian issue.

KARBARDINO-BALKARIA: Bogus Russian issue.

KARENNI: fictional territory created during the 1970s-1980s by New Zealander Bruce Grenville (q.v.), a producer of ArtiStamp (q.v.).

KARJALA: Bogus Russian local overprint.

KÄRNTEN-CARINTHIA: 1920 Austrian plebiscite propaganda labels.

KATIBO: Donald Evans (q.v.) ArtiStamp (q.v.) Surinam-themed issue.

KATIE: One of the Sicmon Islands in the South Pacific created by Nick Bantock for his book Griffin & Sabine.

KATIN: One of the Sicmon Islands in the South Pacific created by Nick Bantock for his book Griffin & Sabine.

KAULBACH ISLAND: Located west of Halifax, Nova Scotia, in Mahone Bay. During 1971-1984, local post stamps were issued by the Kaulbach Island Local Carriage Service for mail being carried to and from the island to the mainland. The Canada Post approved the service provided that the local stamps were affixed to the back of envelopes, which had to have Canadian postage stamps on the front for a standard entry into the Canadian postal systems.

KAWTHULAY: Burmese-related fantasy.

KEMPLAND: see Peoples Republic of Kempland.

KERGUELEN ISLANDS: (Fr., Îles Kerguelen or Archipel de Kerguelen; officially Archipel des Kerguelen or Archipel Kerguelen; aka the Desolation Islands) 1892 fantasy issues prepared for the French-owned group of islands in the southern Indian Ocean. The islands, along with Adélie Land, the Crozet Islands and the Amsterdam and Saint Paul Islands are part of the French Southern and Antarctic Territories, and are administered as a separate district.

KER’S CITY POST: Recorded ca. 1863; bogus issues created by S. Allan Taylor (q.v.) and others; two designs printed on papers of various colors, first design inscribed ‘KERR’S / CITY / POST / (value)’, second design ‘KERR’S / CITY / POST / (value, all within an oval framing a portrait); represents a non-existent United States local post.

KHAFJI: Town on the disputed border between Saudi Arabia and Kuwait, now in a 1970-created Neutral Zone between the two countries. Bogus propaganda labels resembling postage stamps date unknown-issued, possibly from Saudi sympathizers.

KHAKASIA: Bogus Russian issue.

KHALISTAN: The Khalistan movement is a political entity that as a goal aims to create an independent state for the Sikh populace within India and Pakistan. Jagjit Singh Chuahan, a leader in the movement, traveled to London in 1980, and announced the formation of Khalistan homeland. Babir Singh Sandhu, the Secretary General of the liberation movement, released local stamps and currency for the newly-declared Khalistan, allowing these items to be available for purchase by the Sikhs in exile or resident in the U.K., and others.

KHANATE OF BOKHARA: fictional territory created during the 1970s-1980s by New Zealander Bruce Grenville (q.v.), a producer of ArtiStamp (q.v.).

KIBO: Secessionist province of Tanzania located near Mt. Kilimanjaro National Park; propaganda items marketed as matchbox labels.

KIHEI, MAEDA – PHILATELIC FORGER: Maeda was a master Japanese forger of Japanese classic-era postage stamps and postal stationery working under the name of the Kamigata-ya Shop; his works are refered to as the ‘Kamigata Forgeries. He also forged the same items for countries as diverse as China, France, Great Britain, Hawai’I, India, Korea, Liberia, México, North Borneo, Russia, Shanghai, Taiwan, and the United States. His lithographed forgeries were of a quality ranging from poor to excellent, and were plainly sold as being ‘copyrighted imitations’, although at least some re-sellers represented them as being genuine.

KING DAVID ISLAND: Labels printed to commemorate David Blumberg’s wedding.

KINGDOM OF ALL THE SEDANG: fictional territory created during the 1970s-1980s by New Zealander Bruce Grenville (q.v.), a producer of ArtiStamp (q.v.).

KINGDOM OF HUMANITY: see Republic of Moroc-Songhrati-Meads.

KINGMAN’S CITY POST: bogus issues created by S. Allan Taylor (q.v.); printed on papers of various colors; represents a non-existent United States local post

KOLGUEV ISLANDS: Bogus Russian local overprint.

KOMI: Bogus Russian local overprint.

KOMSOMOLSK: Bogus Russian local overprint.

KOREKIA: Bogus Russian local overprint.

KORIAKIA: Bogus Russian local overprint.

KOSOVES, REPUBLICA E, KOSOVO: Jugoslavia.

KUNSTLAND, EAST & WEST: Donald Evans (q.v.) ArtiStamp (q.v.) issue.

KURDISTAN: At least three different fantasy issues produced at varying times.

KURIL ISLANDS: Bogus Russian local overprint.

KURKS & OSICOUS ISLANDS: British Colonial Royal Wedding frames from the book Surreal Stamps and Unreal Stickers.

KUROI, H. – PHILATELIC FORGER: A Japanese stamp dealer active during ca. 1902 who created ‘Tai Han’ overprint forgeries for the Korea 1897 series (q.v. Korea – 1897 ‘Tae Han’ Issues) and 1900 3 Cheun stamp (q.v. Korea – 1884, 1895-1903 ‘Yin Yang’ Issues).

LAASALAND: British Colonial Royal Wedding frames from book Surreal Stamps and Unreal Stickers.

LABRADOR – ‘U.S.A. Post Office’: bogus items designated for the northerly region of the Canadian province of Newfoundland and Labrador, being a set-of-3 issues: 1. a black & green 5¢ issue depicting a Seal, being a virtual same image as is the Newfoundland ‘Seal’ issue; 2. black & light blue 25(¢) issue depicting an Inuit(?) inscribed: ‘U.S.A. Twenty-Five U.S.A. // 25 / Labrador / 25 Postage // U.S.A. Twenty-Five U.S.A.’; and 3. A black, green, and light and dark red $1 depicting a stylized map of Labrador and inscribed ‘Labrador / One Dollar / U.S.A. Post Office U.S.A. / Labrador’. First appearing on the philatelic market in 1908, they were created by an American company claiming to have been awarded a charter from the Newfoundland and Canadian governments for the development of Labrador’s natural resources. However, the development was predicated by the provision that the postal services of the Labrador area must be kept in operation during the river-navigable season. Approximately $1 Million face value was printed, and when the bogus issues were confiscated, approximately $675,00 in face value was destroyed.

LAJTABÁNSÁG: (Ger., Leitha-Banat) Unissued propaganda labels resembling postage stamps from the short-lived 4th October-5th November 1921 state in western Hungary; currently located in the territory of the federal state of Triabon.

LAKE COPPER SYNDICATE: Mining company paper money that resembles postage stamps.

LAMU: currently in Kenya, the ex-German East Africa town was considered an ideal base from which Germany could exploit East Africa German East Africa included what now is Burundi, Rwanda, and Tanganyika). Fantasy issues exist from the German colonial period.

LAND OF MUGGY: fictional territory created during the 1970s-1980s by New Zealander Bruce Grenville (q.v.), a producer of ArtiStamp (q.v.).

LANGTON & CO. MONEY PACKAGE: Recorded ca. 1865; bogus issues printed in different colors on papers of various colors; represents a non-existent United States local post.

LAPLAND: Punch Magazine spoof issues for Finland.

LAR: fictional territory created during the 1970s-1980s by New Zealander Bruce Grenville (q.v.), a producer of ArtiStamp (q.v.).

LAS PALMAS: Stamp-like Spanish charity issues from the Canary Islands.

LAURANIA: Fantasies created by John de Treville with countries taken from Winston Churchill’s book, Savrola.

LAURANSTEIN: Fantasies created by John de Treville with countries taken from Winston Churchill’s book, Savrola.

LAYMAN ISLANDS: see Aayman Islands.

LEAGUE OF NATIONS: Labels printed by the British Poster Stamp Association.

LE BEAU CITY POST: Recorded ca. 1865; bogus issues created by S. Allan Taylor (q.v.); printed in different colors on papers of various colors; represents a non-existent Montréal, Canada, local post.

LEE’S DISPATCH – SAN FRANCISCO: ca. 1875-or earlier 3¢ red on yellow paper bogus issue represents a non-existent United States local post.

LEMNORY: No Information Available.

LESCHELLES: British Colonial Royal Wedding frames from the book Surreal Stamps and Unreal Stickers.

LES ÉCRÉHOUS (also Écréhous): Uninhabited islands located 6 miles northeast of Jersey, forming part of the Bailiwick of Jersey; labels issued bearing its name.

LES MINQUIERS (also Les Mîntchi¡èrs): Uninhabited islands located 9 miles south of the Island of Jersey, in the Channel Islands, forming part of the Bailiwick of Jersey; labels issued bearing its name.

LES MÎNTCHILÉRS: see Les Minquiers.

LICHAAM EN GEEST: (Dutch ‘Body and Soul’) Donald Evans (q.v.) issue for Northern Europe.

LIEGERLAND: see Republic of Liegerland.

LITHOU: A tiny island off of the British Channel Island of Guernsey reachable by a causeway; labels issued bearing its name.

LINCOLN ISLES: Donald Evans (q.v.) ArtiStamp (q.v.) issue, with a mythical capital named Moorestown.

LINTZ, ISLE OF: No Information Available.

LITHOLAND: Spoof from American Philatelist.

LONG ISLAND: (Irish, Inishfada), an island located south of the mainland village of Schull, in West Cork. Issued a banned Irish local post issue and, in later years, a post Carriage Stamp.

LORD HOWE ISLAND: A volcanic island in the Tasman Sea between Australia and New Zealand. Australia stamp issues overprinted and labels created as publicity for a resort that is part of the state of New South Wales.

LOVELAND: Stamp-like labels produced by a greeting card company for usage on Valentines Day.

LUCENT, ROYAL KINGDOM OF: Created by a prisoner as an Artistamp.

LUNDY: Lundy is the largest island in the U.K.’s Bristol Channel, being located ca. 12 miles off of the coast of Devon, England. Issued their first local carriage post stamps on 1 October 1929 with the values denominated as ‘Puffins’, the printing of these stamps being continued to this day. The Labe’s Specialized Guide to Lundy Island Stamps is a definitive guide to the local post issues of Lundy Island, with the catalog listing all recorded varieties, rarities and special philatelic items

LYBBRIA: Fantasy issue created by Stamps Magazine.

MACEDONIA: Local issues created during being a part of Jugoslavia.

MACTAN ISLAND: Bogus stamps and overprints created for a Philippine island south of Cebu.

MADAME JOSEPH – PHILATELIC FORGER: (b. ca. 1900; d. late 1940s or just afterwards). Madame Joseph, who’s first name has not been recorded in the philatelic literature, was either of French or Belgian origin, and a stamp dealer conducting business from a storefront on Irving Street off of Charing Cross Road, in London, during the early part of the 20th century. It has been revealed that Madame Joseph (apparently, there also was a Monsieur Joseph) was the source of the forged cancellation devices that allowed her create to valuable used stamps from their common unused counterparts; also created were bogus cachets, cork obliterators, overprints, and surcharges. Over 400 bogus cancels were used, with the wooden versions thought to have been made in France. It appears that the first bogus cancels were created sometime between the WWI and WWII periods and, together with her successors, its been documented that over 400 of these bogus cancels were used up to 1967. The business’s successors were Gordon Rhodes, who worked out of 17A Lime St., in London. Rhodes’ employee, Cecil Jones, continued the business after Rhodes’ death, using the receipts to fund a gambling habit. The storefront once again changed hands in 1960, becoming the South London Stamp Company, with the production of the forgeries ending shortly thereafter. The Madame Joseph cancellation devices and associated paraphernalia now are resident in the Royal Philatelic Society, London, museum.

MADMAN STATE: Parody issue representing Wad wan State, India.

MAEDA KIHEI: see Kihei, Maeda – Philatelic Forger.

MAESTRAL: Local issues created when Croatia was a part of Jugoslavia.

MAGDALENA: Originally, one of the nine states composing Colombia, and now a department of that country. A bogus issue first chronicled in August 1878 describes the item as being lithographed in pale yellow-green, and inscribed ‘CORREOS / ESTADO DE MAGDELENA / CINCO CENTAVOS’.

MALAKOTE: German East Africa 1880s unissued stamps.

MAMATIUS: British Colonial Royal Wedding frames from the book Surreal Stamps and Unreal Stickers.

MAMBIA: British Colonial Royal Wedding frames from book Surreal Stamps and Unreal Stickers.

MANHALIA: Romania revenue issue that is regarded as being bogus.

MANGIARE, LO STATO DI: Donald Evans (q.v.) ArtiStamp (q.v.) issue, the inscription meaning ‘State of Eating’.

MANIZALES: Colombian city with labels printed during the 19th century as a private local post.

MANUMBALAND: Fantasy stamps created ca. 1984 for Chicago Tribune newspaper columnist Mike Royko.

MARAVEDIS: see Haiti – 1860 Bogus Issue.

MARI, MARI-EL: Bogus Russian local overprint.

MARJ-EL: Bogus Russian issue.

MAUNGAHUKA: see Auckland Islands.

McCOY: Fantasy issue for a non-existent Pacific island.

McDonald TERRITORY: Unrecognized territory comprising all of McDonald County in Missouri existing for a short time in 1961. Created a private dispatch service which provided mails services from the ‘territorial post offices’ to the nearest U.S. Post Office. A 2¢ private carriage local post stamp was issued in with a single in five different colors to charge for he service. Records indicate that at least 30,000 sheets-of-25 were printed, with Noel (Missouri) Postmaster Howard Cates receiving 25,000 of these sheets for usage on holiday mailings The stamp was placed to the left of U.S. postage, the local issue then receiving the postmark.

McROBISH & CO.: Recorded ca. 1863; bogus issues created by S. Allan Taylor (q.v.); two slightly different elaborate designs (steamship depiction) printed on various color papers and inscribed ‘McROBISH & CO. (upper panel) / ACAPULCO . S . FRANCISCO LINE (within a double-ring circle framing a depiction of a steamship) / 1 REAL (bottom panel)’; represents a non-existent Acapulco-San Francisco steamship service local post.

MEKKA: Bogus issue for Mecca, Saudi Arabia.

MENDOCINO, STATE OF: Proposed 1990s secessionist issue for Northern California’s Redwood County (western portions of Mendocino and Sonoma counties).

MEVU: Modern Antarctic fantasy issues.

MINAUE: An Antarctic fantasy issue.

MlNERVA, REPUBLIC OF: A 1972 attempt to create a sovereign micro-nation on the reclaimed land of an artificial island, anticipating a libertarian society ‘without taxation, welfare, subsidies, or any other form of economic intervention’. The republic’s chosen site were the Minerva Reefs, a group of two submerged atolls located in the Pacific south of Fiji and Tonga, but the project failed to materialize; the area now is apart of Tonga. The micro-nation had one coin minted, the ‘Minerva Dollar’, but there is no record of stamps being issued.

MOENS, JEAN-BAPTISTE PHILIPPE CONSTANT: (b. 27 May 1833 in Tournai, Belgium; d. 28 April 1908 in Ixelles [Fr.] / Elsene [Dutch], Belgium). A Belgian philatelist generally regarded as being the first stamp dealer; some contemporary obituaries referred to him as ‘The Father of Philately’. Besides his very successful legitimate business, he also created numerous phantasy issues for non-existent areas.

MOMINICA: British Colonial Royal Wedding frames from book Surreal Stamps and Unreal Stickers.

MONGOL POST: Appears to feature the ‘Howdy Doody’ puppet.

MONTÉ BELLO ISLANDS: Australian bogus issue for ca. 175 islands off the coast of northwestern Australia that form a conservation park administered by the Western Australian Department of Environment and Conservation.

MONTERREY: Mexican city with local stamps from the 1860’s regarded as being bogus.

MONTRÉAL – BELL’S DISPATCH: see Bell’s Dispatch – Montréal.

MOON ISLAND: Norwegian fantasy issues, including Pope Paul II ‘commemoratives’.

MORDAVIA: Bogus Russian local overprint.

MORELIA: Mexican city with 19th century local stamps regarded as being bogus.

MORESNET: a very small (6 hectare) Belgian:Prussian condominium existent during 1816-1920, now in the Belgian city of Kelmis. Fantasies issued by stamp dealer Jean-Baptiste Moens (q.v.) 5 October 1886 (Kelmiser Verkehrs-Anstalt). The Belgian:German local post consisted of eight labels valid which were valid for two weeks. During the 1867-1920 period, if mail was addressed to Germany and the east, German Reichpost was used; if mail was addressed for Belgium and the west, the mail went through the Belgian mails.

MOROKULIEN: Children’s issue; a designated territory on the border of Sweden and Norway. ‘Moro’ means ‘Joy’ in the Swedish language, and ‘Kulien’ means joy in the Norwegian language. The ‘Morokulien’ name was created in 1959 by the Över all Gränser radio program originating from the area.

MOTU MAHA: see Auckland Islands.

MOUNT ATHOS: Turkish stamps overprinted for use as local stamps.

MOUNTAIN BADAKHSHAN AUTONOMY: Bogus Russian issue.

MUGGY: see Land of Muggy.

MUCK, ISLAND OF: Small island being part of Scotland’s Inner Hebrides group; labels issued bearing its name.

MURR’s UTAH EXPRESS: ca. 1875-or earlier 3¢ black on red paper bogus issue representing a non-existent United States local post.

MY BONNIE: Donald Evans (q.v.) issue for New York.

NACHICEVAN: see Nakhichvan Republic.

NADORP: Donald Evans (q.v.) issue, Holland.

NAGALAND: Mountainous state located in the far northeastern portion of India; became a self-proclaimed ‘Indian Republic’, which issued propaganda labels resembling ‘stamps’ for political awareness purposes

NAGORNO-KARABAKH: Disputed enclave in Azerbaijan that declared independence in 1992; labels issued bearing its name.

NAKHICHVAN AUTONOMOUS REPUBLIC: see Nakhichvan Republic

NAKHICHVAN REPUBLIC: (also Nachicevan; local, Naxcivan Muxtar Respublica) An autonomous enclave in Azerbaijan now being a city in that country; labels issued bearing its name.

NANTUCKET POST: Recorded in 1942; bogus issues printed on decalcomania; nothing known concerning its origin.

NATION OF CELESTIAL SPACE (also CELESTIA): A private micro-nation founded in 1949 by James Thomas Mangan of Evergreen Park, Illinois; fantasy ‘Space’ issues aold bearing its name.

NATION OF THE STYGIANS: No Information Available.

NAXCIVAN MUXTAR REPUBLICA: see Nakhichvan Republic .

NAYMAN ISLANDS: see Aayman Islands.

NEUE REPUBLIK IN SUDAFRIKA: South African fantasy issue.

NEW HAVEN AND N.Y. EXP. POST: Recorded ca. 1865; bogus issues created by S. Allan Taylor (q.v.); printed in various colors on papers of various colors; represents a non-existent New Haven, Connecticut, to New York, New York, local post.

NEW HAVEN CITY DESPATCH: Recorded ca. 1879; bogus issues representing a non-existent New Haven, Connecticut, local post.

NEW LAND: An Antarctic fantasy issue.

NEW NAUSEA: A fictitious country created by an Oregon stamp club.

NEW SOUTH ZURK: Spoof stamps created for 1936 stamp exhibition.

NEW ZEALAND – GREAT BARRIER ISLAND ‘PIGEON POST’: The island (local common name, The Barrier) is located in the Hauraki Gulf ca. 60 miles off of the east coast of New Zealand, being north-east of Auckland. A pigeon post was initiated in 1897, and in 1898 a privately-issued 1 Shilling label was provided for the service. The elaborate label is rectangular, with a framed ‘ONE SHILLING / GREAT BARRIER ISLAND (within a ribbon) / (pigeon carrying mail) / SPECIAL MAIL (within an intricate design) / ONE SHILLING’ inscription (a similar later-issued item is printed in milkish-blue on white paper with an elaborate bordering is inscribed ‘ONE SHILLING / GREAT BARRIER ISLAND (pigeon carrying mail) / PIGEON GRAM / ONE SHILLING’ (it is found canceled with a double-lined oval purple temporary rubber datestamp / TRD inscribed ‘GREAT BARRIER / THE / (date) / ORIGINAL / PIGEONGRAM SERVICE’). Further bogus issues representing the service include an upright rectangular stamp printed in a rich copper-red as Sheetlets-of-6 inscribed ‘+ ONE SHILLING + / COPPER / MARATIRI ISLAND – PIGEON GRAM (within a framed oval) / (pigeon carrying mail) / MINES / + ONE SHILLING’, and a triangular issue printed in red or blue with a central pigeon vignette and the three sides being inscribed ‘GREAT-BARRIER-ISL / PIGEON-GRAM / AUCKLAND’ (private issues commemorating the services are inscribed ‘1897 NEW ZEALAND 1997’).

NGA-HUWABON PAHATANAN: Philippine islands bogus issue.

NINERIA: British Colonial Royal Wedding frames from the book Surreal Stamps and Unreal Stickers.

N.M.P.: see Transnistria.

NOBODY’S LAND: North Pole Post fantasy issue.

NOELANDIA: Christmas fantasy stamps created by Maggie Kate.

NOMINICA: British Colonial Royal Wedding frames from the book Surreal Stamps and Unreal Stickers.

NORBAIR: No Information Available.

NORTH ANOC: Part of Cooland and West Refaim.

NORTH OSSETIA: Bogus Russian issue.

NORTH POLE: Christmas fantasy stamps created by Maggie Kate.

NORTHERN DESDESIA: British Colonial Royal Wedding frames from the book Surreal Stamps and Unreal Stickers.

NOUVELLE WAZOO: an Artistamp; from the book Surreal Stamps and Unreal Stickers.

NOVA ARCADIA: fictional territory created during the 1970s-1980s by New Zealander Bruce Grenville (q.v.), a producer of ArtiStamp (q.v.).

NOVA LAURANIA: Fantasies created by John de Treville with countries taken from Winston Churchill’s book, Savrola.

NOVA POTUCA REPUBLIC: Supposedly, a new African republic proclaimed in 1893, but merely a fictional country fantasized to sell bogus stamps to collectors. The items were investigated, and were found to be sourced from a dealer in St. Louis, USA, and that they were made in Vienna in 1867 purporting to be from Réunion.

NYANZA: Fictionalized African stamp issue used for the U.S. Hart to Hart TV detective mystery program airing during 1979-1984.

OCCUSSI-AMBENO: Colorful but bogus stamp-like items issued since 1968 (and at least until 2007) for part of the island of Portuguese Timor; also see Sultanate State of Oecussi-Ambeno.

OCEAN POSTAGE: Great Britain 1850s Penny Postage cutouts from envelopes.

OECUSSI-AMBENO: see Sultanate State of Oecussi-Ambeno

OENEO ISLAND, DEPENDENCY OF: Bogus overprint for Pitcairn Island.

OH-MY-HAR: Fantasy stamp the by American Journal of Philately.

OLAUTOLAND: British Colonial Royal Wedding frames from the book Surreal Stamps and Unreal Stickers.

OLIVOYLA: Island Queendom of cartoon character ‘Popeye’s’ girlfriend, ‘Olive Oyl’.

OLUJA: Local Croatian Overprint.

OMAN, STATE OF: Bogus stamps for Arabian sultanate. Not to be confused with the actual country named the Sultanate of Oman.

ONEGLIA, ERASMO – PHILATELIC FORGER: (b. 1853 in Turin, Italy; d. 1934) Oneglia was an Italian printer who turned to the production of forgeries in the 1890s-190s period, his first efforts being targeting the 1857-1862 issues of Newfoundland. His United States forgeries included the 1860 and 1869 90¢ issues, and the 1869 24¢ issue, including the inverted center versions of the two 1869 issues. He was arrested in 1897 while in London attempting to sell his forgeries to Stanley Gibbons Ltd., but was fined only 20sh, with the stock in his possession being confiscated.

OPERATION PAPUA MERDEKA (also ORGANISASI PAPUA MERDEKA or OPM). Papua Freedom Movement, organized in 1963

OPM: see Operation Papua Merdeka.

ORGANISASI PAPUA MERDEKA: see Operation Papua Merdeka.

OSSETIA: Bogus Russian local overprint

OUDEYPOOR PALUMPOOR: Indian State; German fantasy issue produced in 1889 .

OXIA (also OXEIA, or OXIÉS, or OXIÁ): Greek Island in the Ionian Sea; 1963 privately-issued stamps repudiated by government.

PABAY, ISLE OF: a Scottish island just of the Inner Sound of Skye, N of Broadford, S of Longaynad E of Scalpay; local post labels issued bearing its name..

PANDEMONIA: Spoof stamp issues created for a 1936 stamp exhibition.

PAPUA MERDEKA: see Operation Papua Merdeka.

PASTA: Donald Evans (q.v.) ArtiStamp (q.v.) issue, Italian-themed.

PATZCUARO: Mexican issues considered bogus by competent authorities

PCCR: (abbr.) Pacific Confederation of City Republics.

PCFT: (abbr.) Pacific Confederation of Federal Territories.

PEARY LAND: North Pole Post local issue.

PEOPLES REPUBLIC OF KEMPLAND: fictional territory created during the 1970s-1980s by New Zealander Bruce Grenville (q.v.), a producer of ArtiStamp (q.v.).

PEPYS’ ISLAND: A make-believe place so named to honor an author.

PETERSPORT: an Antarctic fantasy issue.

PETROFILIA: a mythical country created by Erbe Publications in 1977 for the Fun and Fact Calendar.

PHOENIX ISLAND: a bogus issue using frame portion of a stamp from St. Vincent.

PMR: see Transnistria.

POLISH ANTARCTIC TERRITORY: Bogus Antarctic issue.

POMMARE: South Pacific Kingdom issued stamps in the 19th century; the stamps usually mistakenly identified as being from Haiti because their inscription reads ‘Haitji’.

POPALANIA: Mythical country created for the comic strip character Popeye.

PORT MARIA: see Republic of Port Maria.

PORT MAUD: an Antarctic fantasy.

POSSESSION ISLAND: An island in the Torres Strait near Cape York in far northern Queensland, Australia; labels issued bearing its name.

POSTES ATSOC: an Artistamp, ‘Atsoc’ being an authors name reversed (‘Costa’); q.v., Republique du Semaj, by James Costa.

PRIDNESTROVIAN MOLDAVIAN REPUBLIC: see Transnistria.

PRIDNESTROVIE: see Transnistria.

PRIMORJE: An area in western Croatia; labels issued bearing its name.

PRINCE EDWARD ISLAND: Recorded ca. 1866; bogus issues created by S. Allan Taylor (q.v.); printed in various colors on papers of various colors, and inscribed ‘PRINCE EDWARDS ISLAND POSTAGE / (steamship image) / TEN CENTS’ with the ‘EDWARDS’ being a misspelling; represents a Prince Edward Island, Canada, local post.

PRINCE OF WIED: see Albania – Prince of Wied.

PRINCIPALITY OF SEBORGA: see Principato di Seborga.

PRINCIPALITY OF WIKINGLAND: see Wikingland, Principality of.

PRINCIPATO DI SAN RIGOLO: a stamp parody of Swiss origin.

PRINCIPATO DI SEBORGA: the Principality of Seborga, an unrecognized city-state located in the NW Italian province of Imperia in Liguria, near to the border with France and very near Monaco; the ‘principality’ is in co-existence with, and claims the territory of, the town of Seborga, which is an Italian municipality; propaganda labels resembling postage stamps issued bearing its name.

PULAU BIDONG: Bidong is an island located just off the coast of Terengganu, Malaysia, in the South China Sea, and is accessible from the Melanisian coastal town of Meran; Malaysia-Selangor stamps are found overprinted ‘Pulau Bidong’.

QUEEN MAUD LAND: an Antarctic fantasy.

QUEPOL: One of the fictional Sicmon Islands located in the South Pacific created by author Nick Bantock for his 1991 novel, the first installment of The Griffin and Sabine Trilogy.

QUETTAN REPUBLIC: Non-existent African nation.

RAINBOW CREEK, INDEPENDENT STATE OF: Located in Victoria, Australia, Gippsland region. Local stamps issued in 1979.

RAOUL: fictional territory created during the 1970s-1980s by New Zealander Bruce Grenville (q.v.), a producer of ArtiStamp (q.v.).

RAPA-NUI: (aka Easter Island, Sp. Isla de Pascua) a special territory of Chile, having been annexed in 1888, the Polynesian island is located in the SE Pacific Ocean, and is reputedly the most remote inhabited island in the world; postage stamps of Chile are found from an unknown source with ‘Rapa-Nui’ overprints.

RATTLESNAKE ISLAND: Island in Lake Erie near Put-in-Bay, being ca. 11 miles NE of Port Clinton, Ohio. Local stamps issued to carry mail on aircraft to the mainland, this is the only United States Postal Service-sanctioned local post in the United States.

RED SEA ISLANDS FEDERATION: Red Sea island fantasy issue of unknown origin.

RE MARQUATO J. HAIJTI – POMMARE: see Haiti – 1860 Bogus Issue.

REPUB. HIBER.: Bogus S. Allan Taylor fantasy issue for Ireland.

‘REBUBLICA DE ANDORRA’ PHANTASY ISSUE: see Andorra – ‘Republica de Andorra’ Phantasy Issue.

REPUBLICA DE PALOMBIA: Labels resembling postage stamps issued for a mythical country produced by a Belgian magazine.

REPUBLIC OF CAPACUA: see Capacua.

REPUBLIC OF KEMPLAND: see Peoples Republic of Kempland.

REPUBLIC OF LIEGERLAND: fictional territory created during the 1970s-1980s by New Zealander Bruce Grenville (q.v.), a producer of ArtiStamp (q.v.); ostensibly located on western coast of the fictional ‘New Vinland’.

REPUBLIC OF MINERVA: see Minerva, Republic of.

REPUBLIC OF MOROC-SONGHRATI-MEADS: originally a micro-nation in the Spratly Islands in the South China Sea established by the British naval captain James George Meads, who laid claim to the Islands for the British Empire in the 1870s. In 1914, the ‘Kingdom of Humanity’, a rival faction formed by Capt. Mead’s son, Franklin M. Meads, also occupied the island up to the time of the Japanese WWII invasion; the ‘Kingdom of Humanity’ re-merged into the ‘Republic’ in 1963. Up to the WWII period, various labels purporting to be local issues were issued in the earlier days of the ‘Republic’.

REPUBLIC OF PORT MARIA: fictional territory created during the 1970s-1980s by New Zealander Bruce Grenville (q.v.), a producer of ArtiStamp (q.v.).

REPUBLIC OF SOUTH MALUKU: see Republik Maluku Selatan.

REPUBLIKA SRPSKA: see Srpska, Republika.

REPUBLIK MALUKU SELATAN (REPUBLIC OF SOUTH MALUKU): A self-proclaimed republic founded 25 April 1950, comprised primarily by the islands of Seram, Ambon, and Buru. The Republic did not issue its own postage stamps, although several stamps bearing the country’s name can be found, all of which are considered as being bogus. There are three distinct bogus stamp issues representing the Republic of South Moluccas: overprints: [1] Dutch East Indies and Indonesia stamps overprinted ‘Republik Maluku Selatan’ issued in 1950 which, apparently, were used on local mails; [2] a series of commemorative-type stamps depicting the United Nations, the Universal Postal Union, Gen. Douglas MacArthur, and other topic apparently issued by the Netherlands-based republic’s government in exile; [3] a series of ca. 150 rectangular and triangular topical issues printed by the Österreichische Staatsdruckerei, the Austrian National Print Office, which were ordered and sold by the New York-based stamp dealer Henry Stolow, beginning in 1955.

REPUBLIQUE DU SEMAJ: an Artistamp, ‘Semaj’ being ‘James’ reversed; see Poste Atsoc, by James Costa; q.v. Postes Atsoc.

RIBRALTAR: British Colonial Royal Wedding frames from book Surreal Stamps and Unreal Stickers.

RICHLAND: Stamps produced from cigarette wrappers.

RICHWOOD’S DESPATCH: see Jay’s Dispatch, Richwood’s Dispatch.

ROADMAN’S PENNY POST: Recorded ca. 1863; bogus issues created by S. Allan Taylor (q.v.); printed on various color papers and inscribed ‘ROADMAN’S / PENNY / POST’ within a chain-link border; represents a non-existent United States local post.

ROMANIA – EARLY ISSUES FORGERIES: see Friedl, Sigmund – Philatelic Forger.

ROYAL CO. ISLAND: Bogus issue using the frame of a St. Vincent postage stamp.

ROYALIST BULGARIAN GOVERNMENT IN EXILE: Bulgarian freedom movement that issued labels resembling postage stamps.

ROYAUME DES CIEUX: A fantasy issue originating from Belgium.

RUBEZAHLS REICH: Germany’s equivalent for Rip Van Winkle’s mythical Kingdom.

RUPS: Donald Evans (q.v.) issue, America.

RUSSIAN REPUBLICS: Since there are numerous bogus labels purporting to be postage stamps issued by the Russian Republics, the 15 legitimate republics are identified: Armenia, Azerbaijan, Belarus, Estonia, Georgia, Kazakhstan, Kirghizstan, Latvia, Lithuania, Moldova, Russia, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, Ukraine and Uzbekistan.

SABMI: Lapland.

SABOT: a Donald Evans (q.v.) ArtiStamp (q.v.) issue having a Netherlands theme.

SACHA-YAKUTIA: Bogus Russian issue.

SAHA, SAHA-YAKUTIA: Bogus Russian local overprints.

SAHARA, EMPIRE OF: Self-proclaimed ‘empire’ declared in 1907 by sugar magnate Jukes Lebaudy. Located on the west coast of Africa on a strip of land between Cape Bojador and Cape Juby in.

SAKHALIN ISLAND: Bogus Russian issue.

S. ALLAN TAYLOR: see Taylor, S. Allen.

SANDA (Gaelic SANDAIGH) ISLAND: Privately-owned island located in Argyll and Butte, Scotland; labels issued bearing its name.

SANS DINERO: (Sp., ‘Without Money’). Fantasy country located in South America.

SANTA LANDIA: Christmas fantasy stamps created by Maggie Kate.

SANTAVAKIA: Christmas fantasy stamps created by Maggie Kate.

SANTI QUARANTA: 1914 Epirus bogus overprint issue on the stamps of Italy.

SARAFOU, PRINCIPALITY OF: Three islands located ca. 175 leagues from the Phoenix Islands; fantasy labels issued.

SARDIN’ ISLAND: Fantasy issue originating from Switzerland.

SAVAGE REPUBLIC: Modern day rock band promotional labels resembling postage stamps.

SAVENTHEM: Belgian church fair label.

SAYMAN ISLANDS: see Aayman Islands.

SCHÜLKE u. MAYR: see German East Africa – Schülke u. Mayr Issue.

SEBASTOPOL: Ukrainian local overprint.

SEALAND, PRINCIPALITY OF: Former WWII British naval fort platform perched on concrete pillars in the North Sea located ca. 6 miles off of the English County of Suffolk. Self-proclaimed a Principality in 1967 by Michael Bates, son of ex-British Army Major, ex-fisherman, ex-pirate radio station operator, Paddy Roy Bates. Fantasy stamps and currency are said to exist.

SEDANG: an 1889 classic bogus issue for the Annam Kingdom; created in 1889 by David de Marina; q.v., Kingdom of all the Sedang.

SEMAJ, REPUBLIC OF: see République de Semaj.

SEYCHELLEY: British Colonial Royal Wedding frames from the book Surreal Stamps and Unreal Stickers.

SHETLAND ISLANDS: A Scotland subarctic archipelago of islands located ca. 50 miles NE of the mainland; issued numerous labels purporting to be official local stamps during the 1993-1994 period.

SFOR-BOSNIA: Bogus Russian issue.

SICMON ISLANDS: Group of six islands in the South Pacific created by Nick Bantock for his book, Griffin & Sabine.

SIKKIM: Overprints on India for state of same name.

SKULL ISLAND, KINGDOM OF: Advertising labels created for the King Kong movie.

SLOBOVIA: a Donald Evans (q.v.) ArtiStamp (q.v.) issue.

SNARK ISLAND: A ‘snark’ is a fictional animal species created by Lewis Carroll for the nonsense poem The Hunting of the Snark. ‘Snark Island’ is a fantasy island said to be located between Singapore and the Solomon Islands, somewhere near the NE end of New Guinea. According to the Lewis tale, on 18 July 18 1874, the HMS Snarkfinder sailed from Guildford, Surrey, achieving landfall on 22 March 22 1876, founding a fantasized new colony within the British Empire. Wishing to allow his crew to have contact with the home country, the ship’s captain allowed obsolete stamps of ‘Wonderland’ (q.v.) to be overprinted ‘SEF’ (‘Snark Expeditionary Force’). As the supply of overprinted stamps became short, it was decided to issue a fresh supply, the new issues being four different stamps: two ‘One Penny’, and two of ‘Two Pence, being red or blue, respectively.

SNOW YORK: Christmas fantasy stamps created by Maggie Kate.

SNOWFLAKIA: Christmas fantasy stamps created by Maggie Kate.

SNOWGINIA: Christmas fantasy stamps created by Maggie Kate.

SNOWKLAHOMA: Christmas fantasy stamps created by Maggie Kate.

SNOWLAND: Christmas fantasy stamps created by Maggie Kate.

SOAY: An uninhabited island in the St. Kilda Archipelago, Scotland; labels issued bearing its name purporting to be local stamps are deemed to be bogus.

SOBRE PORTE BOGUS ISSUES: First recorded in 1866, a series-of-3 bogus 25¢, 50¢ and 1Peso issues attempting to represent Colombian ‘excess postage’ issues. Their designs are similar to the 1861-1865 ‘Coats of Arms’ issues, but do not include the ‘Condor’ perched on the shield.

SOCOTRA (aka SOKOTRA or SOQOTRA): An archipelago of four Islands in the Indian Ocean, the largest being named Socotra (now a party of the Republic of Yemen). Cyprus stamps overprinted for Socotra in 1892 are of a private origin, and are bogus.

SOMALILALA PROTECTORATE: British Colonial Royal Wedding frames from book Surreal Stamps and Unreal Stickers.

SONORA: Fantasy issues for a State in México.

SOUTH CHINA SEA ISLANDS FEDERATION: Group of islands located in the in South China Sea that claimed independence.

SPAIN – 1905 ‘DON QUIXOTE’ ISSUE FORGERIES: see Imperato, Nino – Philatelic Forger.

SPECULISLAND: Fantasy issue originating in Switzerland.

SPIRO, PHILIP (aka SPIRO BROTHERS) – PHILATELIC FORGERS: Philip Spiro, together with his brother, headed the 19th century family-owned Spiro Brothers lithography printing business in Hamburg, Germany. Spiro also was a stamp dealer, who was a prolific source for an approximated five-hundred different philatelic forgeries during the 1864-1880 period, the creations representing a broad spectrum of stamp-issuing entities. The forgeries usually were printed as sheets-of-25 and, lacking gumming equipment, often were printed with apropos cancellations on the stamps. His defense for producing so many forgeries was that the items were marketed strictly as ‘facsimiles’ for those collectors not being able to afford genuine examples, promoting his wares to the trade through his regularly-issued house organ price list: Facsimile Postage Stamps for Collectors Available from the Spiro Brothers, Hamburg. The ‘facsimiles’ became so numerous and so dangerous for the collector that the philatelic trade and journals initiated a program to enlighten the collecting public as to the problem, the resulting publicity dampening the Spiro Brothers business to the point that they ceased the production of their ‘facsimiles’ in 1880.

SPITZBERGEN: (also Spitsbergen, Spidsbergen) archipelago in the Arctic Ocean ca. 360 miles N of Norway coast; part of the Svalbard Island group. Granted by a 1920 treaty to Norway, and officially taken as a possession in 1925 (Spitzbergen is the Dutch name for the territory, and to Norwegians, the territory is known as Svalbard). Local post established by a shipping company-owned hotel in the mining settlement at Advent Bay to prepay postage on mails carried by company boats to Hammerfest, on Norway’s mainland; set-of-2 ‘Spidsbergen’ surface printed on white wove paper local stamps depicting a polar bear attacking a hunter issued in May 1896. Additional polar-theme pictorials issued through 1911.

SPRINGSIDE POST OFFICE: Recorded ca. 1864; bogus issues created by S. Allan Taylor (q.v.); printed on various color papers and inscribed ‘SPRINGSIDE / (Eagle) / POST OFFICE’; represents a non-existent United States local post.

SRPSKA, REPUBLIKA: one of the two primary political entities comprising Bosnia and Herzegovina; during 14-15 October 1991, the Parliament approved a ‘Memorandum of Sovereignty’ for the area. Jugoslavian stamps overprinted for republic exist, being either official or unofficial local issues.

ST. BILENA: British Colonial Royal Wedding frames from the book Surreal Stamps and Unreal Stickers.

ST. CIAIA: British Colonial Royal Wedding frames from the book Surreal Stamps and Unreal Stickers.

ST. EVIS – NEVIK: British Colonial Royal Wedding frames from the book Surreal Stamps and Unreal Stickers.

ST. KILDA: Island 100 miles off the coast of Scotland; issued labels bearing its name.

ST. LEELENA: British Colonial Royal Wedding frames from the book Surreal Stamps and Unreal Stickers.

ST. LUCLU: British Colonial Royal Wedding frames from the book Surreal Stamps and Unreal Stickers.

ST. MARRON: Bogus issue of possible Swiss origin.

ST. NALENA: British Colonial Royal Wedding frames from the book Surreal Stamps and Unreal Stickers.

ST. SUCIA: British Colonial Royal Wedding frames from the book Surreal Stamps and Unreal Stickers.

STAFFA: An uninhabited island of the Inner Hebrides group in the Argyll and Bute Lieutenancy area of Scotland; issued hundreds of labels purporting to be Scotland local stamps since 1969.

STATE OF OECUSSI (or OKUSI)-AMBENO: see Sultanate State of Oecussi-Ambeno

STATE OF RAINBOW CREEK: Australian secessionist state.

STEEP HOLM: Island off the coast of Somerset, England; labels issued bearing its name.

STEIN: Donald Evans (q.v.) ArtiStamp (q.v.) issue for the Netherlands.

STROMA, ISLE OF: British Local Post.

SULTANATE OF KHAYAM: referencing Omar Kho’am, the Persian Tentmaker; a modern-day George Fabian (Park Forest, IL) fantasy.

SULTANATE STATE OF OECUSSI(or OKUSI)-AMBENO: fictional territory created during the 1970s-1980s by New Zealander Bruce Grenville (q.v.), a producer of ArtiStamp (q.v.). The ‘Sultanate’ supposedly was located as an enclave on the Island of Timor, with he being the self-proclaimed ruling Sultan.

SULTANATE STATE OF UPPER YAFA: fictional territory created during the 1970s-1980s by New Zealander Bruce Grenville (q.v.), a producer of ArtiStamp (q.v.).

SUMMER ISLES (or TANERA MORE): Island off the coast of Scotland; carriage post labels issued bearing their name.

SUNG-TING: A Donald Evans (q.v.) Artistamp (q.v.) issue depicting Chinese ceramics.

SURF ISLAND: Of an unknown origin and location; possibly located in or near Indonesia.

SWAN ISLAND: 1. many incarnations usually parodying Western Australia stamps; 2. radio station off coast of Honduras.

SWAZIWAZI: British Colonial Royal Wedding frames from book Surreal Stamps and Unreal Stickers.

TAJIKISTAN: Bogus Russian issue.

TAKAVA’U: South Pacific fantasy issue, by same creator of the Mevu.

TALCHER: A sub-division of India’s Anuguk District in the State of Orissa; supposed official stamps produced in 1878.

TANERA MORE: see Summer Isles.

TAPIN: One of the Sicmon Islands (q.v.) in the South Pacific created by Nick Bantock his book, Griffin & Sabine.

TARTARI: Bogus Russian local overprint.

TATARSTAN: Bogus Russian local overprint.

TAYLOR, S. ALLAN: Samuel Allan Taylor (b. 1838 in Ayrshire, Scotland; d. 1913 in Waltham, Massachusetts), known as ‘the Master Grafter’, was the notorious early-1860s to early-1890s ‘Boston Gang’ leader. He produced counterfeits as well as bogus stamps printed for non-existent areas, or for non-existent local posts within legitimate stamp-issuing entities. His output of face-different items number perhaps as high as several thousand. Some of his more audacious scams included creating a stamp for Paraguay before stamps were introduced into the country, and adding a non-existent 10¢ value to the then-current Prince Edward Island stamp set. On the positive side, he is credited with publishing in February 1864 the first philatelic journal in North America (inaugurated while he resided in Montréal), the Stamp Collector’s Record, which ran for more than forty numbers. He is famous for his arrogant statement: ‘My stamps are better than the originals’.

TERRA CANDELLA: an ArtiStamp (q.v.).

TERRITORIE LIBRE DU MALI FAUD: Personal label resembling a stamp issued by Messr. Mali Faud.

THANET, ISLE OF: Bogus local post.

THE BOONIES: see Boonie Islands.

THILDONCK: Belgian church fair label.

THOMAND, PRINCIPALITY OF: Dalcassian claim to Irish territory that now is part of Shannon Airport.

THULE: Local post stamps from Greenland.

TIBET GOVERNMENT IN EXILE: 1950s Tibetan freedom movement.

TIBET, FREE: 1950s Tibetan freedom movement.

TIENTSIN: City in northern China; several sets of stamps issued for treaty port local post set.

TIERRA DEL FUEGO: Island off the tip of South America. One stamp was issued in January 1891 for a mine owner to establish his authority over the inhabitants.

TIMARU: New Zealand local post.

TIMBUCTOO (TIMBUCTOOLA): Stamps Magazine fantasy.

TOBRUCH: Overprints on Italian East Africa issues in 1942.

TODDY, ISLE OF: Bogus Scotland island stamp.

TONGAH ISLANDS: An obvious parody of Tonga postage stamp issues.

TORRES STRAITS: The Torres Strait is a body of water located between Australia and New Guinea. In 1879, it was reported that a series of stamps supposedly issued for a steamship service between Australia and Singapore via the Torres Straits were in the philatelic marketplace. The set-of six stamps were printed in different colors by lithography, and were perforated 11. They are inscribed ‘AUSTRALIA / STRAITS SETTLEMENTS – TORRES (within a two-line circle framing twin mountain peaks and a waving Union Jack) / (value)’.Their status is considered dubious.

TOYLAND: Christmas fantasy stamps created by Maggie Kate.

TRANSNISTRiA: (also Pridnestrovian Moldavian Republic, or PMR, or Pridnestrovie) Territory located on a portion of land between the Dniester River and the eastern border of the Republic of Moldava through to the border with the Ukraine; declared independence in 1990. Produced propaganda labels resembling ‘stamps’ bearing its name.

TREASURE ISLAND: Mythical island created by Robert Louis Stevenson; a modern-day George Fabian (Park Forest, IL) fantasy.

TREHERNE, HAROLD – PHILATELIC FORGER: (aka G. Arnold, M. Melville, T. Morton, R. Newman, A. West; b. ca. 1884 in Brighton, England). Entering the forgery trade in 1902, and gaining the infamous title of being the Brighton Forgerer, Treherne produced numerous forgeries of Australia and India stamp issues, marketing them locally in stamp stores,. in Brighton. He later sold his wares in India through a personal contact, Thomas Hill, of Bombay who, in return, supplied Treherne with genuine Indian stamps that were cancelled, Treherne taking these genuine stamps and applying forged overprints. His interest in the stamps of India led him to counterfeit complete sheets of the Jammu and Kashmir issues, to include all of the varieties present in the originals. Assisted by the British Stamp Trade Protective Association, in 1907 he was entrapped receiving money under false pretenses. After pleading guilty, he received suspended sentence, but counterfeiting charges brought against him later in the year resulted in a sentence of five months at hard labor.

TRINIDAD, PRINCIPALITY OF: Island ca. 700 miles ENE of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; claimed by both Brazil and the United Kingdom. Bogus issue created in 1895 by James Harden-Hickey.

TROPIDES ISLANDS: A Donald Evans (q.v.) ArtiStamp (q.v.) issue for a non-existent Caribbean ‘country’.

TUAMOTU: 1877 bogus overprints for the Tuamotu Archipelago islands (or Tuamotus; officially Archipel des Tuamotu; Fr. Îles Tuamoto), an island group located in French Polynesia. Several French colonial stamps issues appeared in 1887 having a bogus ‘(bar) / TUAMOTU / 10c / (bar)’ overprint.

TUAREG STATE: Burmese bogus fantasy issue

TUI TUI: fictional territory created during the 1970s-1980s by New Zealander Bruce Grenville (q.v.), a producer of ArtiStamp (q.v.).

TURCODOCUS: Bogus issue of Swiss origin.

TURNER’S DISPATCH: Recorded in 1893; bogus issue said to represent a local post operating in Baltimore, Maryland; nothing is known concerning its origin.

TWO SICILIES – FORGERIES: see Imperato, Nino – Philatelic Forger.

TYP: One of the Sicmon Islands (q.v.) in the South Pacific created by Nick Bantock for his book, Griffin & Sabine.

UDMURTIA: Bogus Russian local overprint.

UKRAINIAN ARCTIC POST: Bogus Russian issue.

UKRAINIEN FORCES IN BOSNIEN: Overprint on Russian stamps.

UKRAINIEN / MILITARY / CONTINGENT / IN STRUCTURE: Overprint found on pairs of Ukrainian stamps.

UKRBAT ON UN BOSNIA: Overprint on Ukraine stamps.

ULITHI ATOLL: 1954 bogus overprint on United States postage stamps for a coral isle located in the Caroline Islands.

UMBUGGIANISTAN: A hand-drawn fantasy stamp for non-existent nation.

UNION: French-produced bogus issue for Philippine islands.

UNITA-ANGOLA: Stamps supposedly issued by rebel movement in Angola, but actually produced by an un-named stamp dealer.

UNITED IRELAND: Fantasy from American Journal of Philately.

UNITED STATES – 1860 ISSUE FORGERY: see Oneglia, Erasmo – Philatelic Forger.>

UNITED STATES – 1869 ISSUE FORGERIES: see Oneglia, Erasmo – Philatelic Forger.

UPPER SLOBOVIA: Wilkinsburg, Pennsylvania, Stamp Club parody souvenir sheets.

UPPER LAURANIA: Fantasies created by John de Treville with countries taken from Winston Churchill’s book,Savrola.

UPPER DARQALI: Printed during the 1960’s by a philatelist who conjured a non-existent country in order that its fantasy stamps could be used to illustrate his book on stamp terms.

UPPER YAFA: see Sultanate State of Upper Yafa.

URAL: Bogus Russian local overprint.

UTAH TERR. POSTAGE: Recorded in 1864; bogus issues created by S. Allan Taylor (q.v.) and others; two types depicting Brigham Young portrait printed in various colors; first type – 5¢ value black on yellow paper and inscribed ‘UTAH TERR. / (portrait) / POSTAGE / CENTS’ with encircled ‘5’ in all four corners; second type – eight-sided design 2¢, 5¢, 8¢ and 12¢ values on white paper inscribed ‘UTAH / POSTAGE / (portrait) / (value) / CENTS’; commonly- called ‘Mormon Stamps’ representing a Mormon post ostensibly in operation during April 1852-May 1853.

VAN DEMONS LAND: Bogus issue parodying the stamps of Van Diemans Land (Tasmania).

VEDDENESE SULTANATE: Mythical Arabian country.

VENEZIA, POSTE DI: Labels issued for the Venice Pavilion at a trade fair.

VENEZUELA – CORO PRIVATE COMMERCIAL POST: The capital of Falcón State, Venezuela. A series of private commercial post typeset labels used by the service’s subscribers were issued during the 1867-1889 period for the transport of mails between Coro and the seaport city of Le Vela de Coro, later said that the post was extended to Curaçao, Puerto Cabello, and La Guaira. The 1867 issue is inscribed within an ornate framing ‘Correo de Coro à la Vela / y viceversa’; the 1868 issue is unframed and inscribed ‘Correo de Coro à La Vela / viceversa — VALE 1 REAL’; the 1870 issue is as the 1868, except the word ‘GRATIS’ replaces the value; the 1869 (or 1870?) issue is identical to the 1867, but the print is larger and the border is constructed of horizontal and vertical brackets (‘{ }’); and the 1889 issue consisting of five values depict a stylized messenger pigeon and are inscribed ‘CORREO DEL // Entre // CORO Y // La Vela // COMERCIO // (value)’.

VERONA: Fantasy from Shakespeare’s island.

VINLAND REPUBLIC: see Free Vinland Republic.

VOJVODINA: Autonomous Serbian province; labels issued bearing its name.

WADA, KOTARO: Wada was Tokyo curio shop owner during the 1890s through 1920s, and is acclaimed as being the most prolific excellent-quality stamp counterfeiter of the classic Japan 1871-1872 ‘Dragon’ (q.v.) and 1872-1876 ‘Cherry Blossom’ (q.v.) issues. Although his early creations included a small print-size Japanese character for ‘imitation’, his later reproductions more often than not omitted the declaration. Wada ceased selling his forgeries in 1911; his master copper-engraved printing plates were destroyed during the 1923 Tokyo earthquake.

WAIKOA ISLAND: Polynesian-type fantasy issue.

WARAWAK: British Colonial Royal Wedding frames from the book Surreal Stamps and Unreal Stickers.

WARDAK: Liberated area during Afghan-Russian war.

WARWICK’S CITY DISPATCH POST: Recorded ca. 1866; bogus issues created by S. Allan Taylor (q.v.) and others; several types printed in different colors on papers of various colors; represents a non-existent United States local post

WAS-HEE: American Journal of Philately fantasy.

WEISBECKER: Donald Evans (q.v.) Artistamp (q.v.) issue, New York.

WEST VINLAND: Supposedly a colony of Occussi Ambeno (q.v.).

WESTERN LAURANIA: Fantasies created by John de Treville with the countries taken from Winston Churchill’s book, Savrola.

WESTERN UNITED POWERS: a Donald Evans (q.v.) ArtiStamp (q.v.) issue.

WESTERN CHYAN: Burmese bogus issue related to Dam Batai.

WESTLAND: Fantasy stamp created by a Mr. West.

WESTPHALIA: Fantasies created by John de Trevill, with countries taken from Winston Churchill’s book, Savrola.

WHANGAMOMONA: fictional territory created during the 1970s-1980s by New Zealander Bruce Grenville (q.v.), a producer of ArtiStamp (q.v.).

WHITES DISPATCH: Bogus issues inscribed ‘WHITES / (man’s portrait) / DISPATCH’; represents a non-existent United States local post, but nothing is known concerning its origin

WHITTELEY’S EXPRESS: Recorded ca. 1865; bogus issues created by S. Allan Taylor (q.v.); printed on papers of various colors; represents a non-existent United States local post.

WIKINGLAND, PRINCIPALITY OF: Artificial island micronation founded in 1977 by Reinhold Wendling. Located in the Baltic Sea, off the east coast of Sweden.

WIMPONIA: Kingdom of cartoon character Popeye’s friend, Wimpy.

WINAN’S CITY POST: Recorded ca. 1862; bogus issues printed on papers of various colors, and inscribed ‘WINAN’S / CITY / (Mercury’s Helmet) / POST / 2 CENTS’; representing a non-existent United States local post.

WISCOWSIN, STATE OF: Fantasy issue created by a Wisconsin stamp dealer.

WITULAND: A territory in German East Africa centered about the town of Witu issuing postage stamps in 1889; their actual official usage has not been verified.

WOLLAWOLLABONGO: see Bollawollabongo.

WONDERLAND: Lewis Carroll’s mythical country created for his book, Alice in Wonderland. Numerous labels created to publicize both the book, and the movie version of the book, as well as for children’s working books.

WORLD NATIONS LEAGUE: a fantasy United Nations-type international organization created by Henry Stull; once listed in an Ohio telephone book under ‘Stamps for Collectors’.

XINGU: Label created for the ABC’s of Philately book to example an ‘X’ stamp.

YAKUTIA: Bogus Russian local overprint.

YAKUTIA-SACHA: Bogus Russian issue.

YAWATON ATOLL: Bogus issue for non-existent Pacific island.

YAYMAN ISLANDS: see Aayman Islands.

YTEKE: Donald Evans (q.v.) ArtiStamp (q.v.) issue having a Scandinavian theme.

ZANZIBAZ: British Colonial Royal Wedding frames from the book Surreal Stamps and Unreal Stickers.

ZENOBIA: April Fool’s Day spoofs using Hawaii and the Netherlands postage stamp designs.

ZULIA: A Venezuelan state located in the NW portion of the country, and whose capital is Maracaibo; issued locals in 1891 which were valid for inter-state postage for a period of three months.